线程池有两个核心的概念，一个是任务队列，一个是工作线程队列。任务队列负责存放主线程需要处理的任务，工作线程队列其实是一个死循环，负责从任务队列中取出和运行任务，可以看成是一个生产者和多个消费l者的模型。在一些高并发的网络应用中，线程池也是常用的技术。陈硕大神推荐的C++多线程服务端编程模式为：one loop per thread + thread pool，通常会有单独的线程负责接受来自客户端的请求，对请求稍作解析后将数据处理的任务提交到专门的计算线程池。

ThreadPool 线程池同步事件: 线程池内的线程函数同样支持互斥锁,信号控制,内核事件控制,临界区控制.

#include <Windows.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>

unsigned long g_count = 0;

// --------------------------------------------------------------
// 线程池同步-互斥量同步
void NTAPI TaskHandlerMutex(PTP_CALLBACK_INSTANCE Instance, PVOID Context, PTP_WORK Work)
{
	// 锁定资源
	WaitForSingleObject(*(HANDLE *)Context, INFINITE);

	for (int x = 0; x < 100; x++)
	{
		printf("线程ID: %d ---> 子线程: %d \n", GetCurrentThreadId(), x);
		g_count = g_count + 1;
	}

	// 解锁资源
	ReleaseMutexWhenCallbackReturns(Instance, *(HANDLE*)Context);
}

void TestMutex()
{
	// 创建互斥量
	HANDLE hMutex = CreateMutex(NULL, FALSE, NULL);

	PTP_WORK pool = CreateThreadpoolWork((PTP_WORK_CALLBACK)TaskHandlerMutex, &hMutex, NULL);

	for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++)
	{
		SubmitThreadpoolWork(pool);
	}

	WaitForThreadpoolWorkCallbacks(pool, FALSE);
	CloseThreadpoolWork(pool);
	CloseHandle(hMutex);

	printf("相加后 ---> %d \n", g_count);
}

// --------------------------------------------------------------
// 线程池同步-事件内核对象
void NTAPI TaskHandlerKern(PTP_CALLBACK_INSTANCE Instance, PVOID Context, PTP_WORK Work)
{
	// 锁定资源
	WaitForSingleObject(*(HANDLE *)Context, INFINITE);

	for (int x = 0; x < 100; x++)
	{
		printf("线程ID: %d ---> 子线程: %d \n", GetCurrentThreadId(), x);
		g_count = g_count + 1;
	}

	// 解锁资源
	SetEventWhenCallbackReturns(Instance, *(HANDLE*)Context);
}

void TestKern()
{
	HANDLE hEvent = CreateEvent(NULL, FALSE, FALSE, NULL);
	SetEvent(hEvent);

	PTP_WORK pwk = CreateThreadpoolWork((PTP_WORK_CALLBACK)TaskHandlerKern, &hEvent, NULL);

	for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++)
	{
		SubmitThreadpoolWork(pwk);
	}

	WaitForThreadpoolWorkCallbacks(pwk, FALSE);
	CloseThreadpoolWork(pwk);

	printf("相加后 ---> %d \n", g_count);
}

// --------------------------------------------------------------
// 线程池同步-信号量同步
void NTAPI TaskHandlerSemaphore(PTP_CALLBACK_INSTANCE Instance, PVOID Context, PTP_WORK Work)
{
	// 锁定资源
	WaitForSingleObject(*(HANDLE *)Context, INFINITE);

	for (int x = 0; x < 100; x++)
	{
		printf("线程ID: %d ---> 子线程: %d \n", GetCurrentThreadId(), x);
		g_count = g_count + 1;
	}

	// 解锁资源
	ReleaseSemaphoreWhenCallbackReturns(Instance, *(HANDLE*)Context, 1);
}

void TestSemaphore()
{
	// 创建信号量为100
	HANDLE hSemaphore = CreateSemaphore(NULL, 0, 100, NULL);

	ReleaseSemaphore(hSemaphore, 10, NULL);

	PTP_WORK pwk = CreateThreadpoolWork((PTP_WORK_CALLBACK)TaskHandlerSemaphore, &hSemaphore, NULL);

	for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++)
	{
		SubmitThreadpoolWork(pwk);
	}

	WaitForThreadpoolWorkCallbacks(pwk, FALSE);
	CloseThreadpoolWork(pwk);
	CloseHandle(hSemaphore);

	printf("相加后 ---> %d \n", g_count);
}

// --------------------------------------------------------------
// 线程池同步-临界区
void NTAPI TaskHandlerLeave(PTP_CALLBACK_INSTANCE Instance, PVOID Context, PTP_WORK Work)
{
	// 锁定资源
	EnterCriticalSection((CRITICAL_SECTION*)Context);

	for (int x = 0; x < 100; x++)
	{
		printf("线程ID: %d ---> 子线程: %d \n", GetCurrentThreadId(), x);
		g_count = g_count + 1;
	}

	// 解锁资源
	LeaveCriticalSectionWhenCallbackReturns(Instance, (CRITICAL_SECTION*)Context);
}

void TestLeave()
{
	CRITICAL_SECTION cs;
	InitializeCriticalSection(&cs);

	PTP_WORK pwk = CreateThreadpoolWork((PTP_WORK_CALLBACK)TaskHandlerLeave, &cs, NULL);

	for (int i = 0; i < 1000; i++)
	{
		SubmitThreadpoolWork(pwk);
	}

	WaitForThreadpoolWorkCallbacks(pwk, FALSE);
	DeleteCriticalSection(&cs);
	CloseThreadpoolWork(pwk);

	printf("相加后 ---> %d \n", g_count);
}

int main(int argc,char *argv)
{
	//TestMutex();
	//TestKern();
	//TestSemaphore();
	TestLeave();

	system("pause");
	return 0;
}

简单的IO读写：

#include <Windows.h>
#include <iostream>
#include <stdlib.h>

// 简单的异步文本读写
int ReadWriteIO()
{
	char enContent[] = "hello lyshark";
	char deContent[255] = { 0 };

	// 异步写文件
	HANDLE hFileWrite = CreateFile(L"d://test.txt", GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL, OPEN_ALWAYS, FILE_FLAG_SEQUENTIAL_SCAN, NULL);
	if (INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == hFileWrite)
	{
		return 0;
	}

	WriteFile(hFileWrite, enContent, strlen(enContent), NULL, NULL);
	FlushFileBuffers(hFileWrite);

	CancelSynchronousIo(hFileWrite);
	CloseHandle(hFileWrite);

	// 异步读文件

	HANDLE hFileRead = CreateFile(L"d://test.txt", GENERIC_READ, 0, NULL, OPEN_ALWAYS, NULL, NULL);
	if (INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == hFileRead)
	{
		return 0;
	}

	ReadFile(hFileRead, deContent, 255, NULL, NULL);
	CloseHandle(hFileRead);
	std::cout << "读出内容: " << deContent << std::endl;
	return 1;
}


// 通过IO获取文件大小
int GetFileSize()
{
	HANDLE hFile = CreateFile(L"d://test.txt", 0, 0, NULL, OPEN_EXISTING, NULL, NULL);
	if (INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == hFile)
	{
		return 0;
	}

	ULARGE_INTEGER ulFileSize;
	ulFileSize.LowPart = GetFileSize(hFile, &ulFileSize.HighPart);

	LARGE_INTEGER lFileSize;
	BOOL ret = GetFileSizeEx(hFile, &lFileSize);

	std::cout << "文件大小A: " << ulFileSize.QuadPart << " bytes" << std::endl;
	std::cout << "文件大小B: " << lFileSize.QuadPart << " bytes" << std::endl;
	CloseHandle(hFile);

	return 1;
}

// 通过IO设置文件指针和文件尾
int SetFilePointer()
{
	char deContent[255] = { 0 };
	DWORD readCount = 0;

	HANDLE hFile = CreateFile(L"d://test.txt", GENERIC_WRITE, 0, NULL, OPEN_ALWAYS, NULL, NULL);
	if (INVALID_HANDLE_VALUE == hFile)
	{
		return 0;
	}

	LARGE_INTEGER liMove;

	// 设置移动位置
	liMove.QuadPart = 2;
	SetFilePointerEx(hFile, liMove, NULL, FILE_BEGIN);

	// 移动到文件末尾
	SetEndOfFile(hFile);

	ReadFile(hFile, deContent, 255, &readCount, NULL);
	std::cout << "移动指针后读取: " << deContent << " 读入长度: " << readCount << std::endl;

	CloseHandle(hFile);

	// 设置编码格式
	_wsetlocale(LC_ALL, L"chs");
	setlocale(LC_ALL, "chs");
	wprintf(L"%s", deContent);
}

int main(int argc,char *argv)
{
	// 读写IO
	ReadWriteIO();

	// 取文件长度
	GetFileSize();

	// 设置文件指针
	SetFilePointer();

	return 0;
}

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