C语言实现bmp图像对比度扩展
假设有一幅图,由于成象时光照不足,使得整幅图偏暗(例如,灰度范围从0到63);或者成象时光照过强,使得整幅图偏亮(例如,灰度范围从200到255),我们称这些情况为低对比度,即灰度都挤在一起,没有拉开。灰度扩展的意思就是把你所感性趣的灰度范围拉开,使得该范围内的象素,亮的越亮,暗的越暗,从而达到了增强对比度的目的。
我们可以用下图来说明对比度扩展(contrast stretching)的原理:
图中的横坐标gold表示原图的灰度值,纵坐标gnew表示gold经过对比度扩展后得到了新的灰度值。a,b,c为三段直线的斜率,因为是对比度扩展,所以斜率b>1。g1old和g2old表示原图中要进行对比度扩展的范围,g1new和g2new表示对应的新值。用公式表示为:
实现代码:
#include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<string.h> #pragma pack(1) //全紧凑模式 typedef struct { unsigned char bfType[2]; unsigned int bfSize; unsigned short bfReserved1; unsigned short bfReserved2; unsigned int bfOffBits; }bitmapFileHeader; typedef struct { unsigned int biSize; unsigned int biWidth; unsigned int biHeight; unsigned short biPlanes; unsigned short biBitCount; unsigned int biCompression; unsigned int biSizeImage; unsigned int biXPixPerMeter; unsigned int biYPixPerMeter; unsigned int biClrUsed; unsigned int biClrImportant; }bitmapInfoHeader; typedef struct{ unsigned char rgbBlue; unsigned char rgbGreen; unsigned char rgbRed; unsigned char rgbReserved; }rgbQUAD; typedef struct{ bitmapFileHeader bfHeader; bitmapInfoHeader biHeader; rgbQUAD palette[256]; unsigned char *imgData; }bmp; int main(){ FILE *fp; if((fp=fopen("d:\Temp\\test_gray.bmp","rb"))==NULL){ perror("can not open file!"); return -1; } //读入彩色bmp图像文件头,信息头和图像数据 bitmapFileHeader bfHeader; fread(&bfHeader,14,1,fp); bitmapInfoHeader biHeader; fread(&biHeader,40,1,fp); int imSize=biHeader.biSizeImage; int width=biHeader.biWidth; int height=biHeader.biHeight; int bitCount=biHeader.biBitCount; int lineBytes=(width*bitCount+31)/32*4; fseek(fp,bfHeader.bfOffBits,SEEK_SET); unsigned char*imageData=(unsigned char*)malloc(imSize*sizeof(unsigned char)); fread(imageData,imSize*sizeof(unsigned char),1,fp); fclose(fp); bmp b; memcpy(&(b.bfHeader),&bfHeader,sizeof(bfHeader)); memcpy(&(b.biHeader),&biHeader,sizeof(biHeader)); b.imgData=(unsigned char*)malloc(sizeof(unsigned char)*imSize); memset(b.imgData,0,sizeof(unsigned char)*imSize); for(int i=0;i<256;i++){ b.palette[i].rgbBlue=i; b.palette[i].rgbGreen=i; b.palette[i].rgbRed=i; } int i,j,temp; double m=1.5,g1=100.0,g2=200.0; //m在这里对应斜率b,因为“b”这个符号被bmp图像结构名占了 double a=(255.0-m*(g2-g1))/(255.0-(g2-g1)); for(i=0;i<height;i++){ for(j=0;j<width;j++){ temp=imageData[lineBytes*i+j]; if(temp<g1) b.imgData[lineBytes*i+j]=(unsigned char)(a*temp); else if(temp<g2) b.imgData[lineBytes*i+j]=(unsigned char)(g1+m*(temp-g1)); else b.imgData[lineBytes*i+j]=(unsigned char)(g2+a*(temp-g2)); } } char savePath[]="D:\Temp\\save_test.bmp"; FILE *f_save=fopen(savePath,"wb"); if(f_save==NULL){ perror("can not open file!"); return -2; } fwrite(&b.bfHeader,sizeof(bitmapFileHeader),1,f_save); fwrite(&b.biHeader,sizeof(bitmapInfoHeader),1,f_save); fwrite(&b.palette,1024,1,f_save); fwrite(b.imgData,sizeof(unsigned char)*b.biHeader.biSizeImage,1,f_save); fclose(f_save); free(imageData); free(b.imgData); getchar(); return 0; }
代码效果:
原图像:
灰度(100-200)扩展图像:
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