OpenCV和C++实现图像的翻转(镜像)、平移、旋转

编辑: admin 分类: c#语言 发布时间: 2021-12-12 来源:互联网
目录
  • 一、翻转(镜像)
  • 二、仿射扭曲
    • 获取变换矩阵
    • 仿射扭曲函数 warpAffine
    • 旋转
    • 平移
  • 三、仿射变换
    • 四、透视变换
      • 综合示例
    • 总结

      官网教程

      一、翻转(镜像)

      头文件 quick_opencv.h:声明类与公共函数

      #pragma once
      #include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
      using namespace cv;
      
      class QuickDemo {
      public:
      	...
      	void flip_Demo(Mat& image);
      	void rotate_Demo(Mat& image);
      	void move_Demo(Mat& image);
      	void Affine_Demo(Mat& image);
      	void toushi_Demo(Mat& image);
      	void perspective_detect(Mat& image);
      
      };
      

      主函数调用该类的公共成员函数

      #include <opencv2\opencv.hpp>
      #include <quick_opencv.h>
      #include <iostream>
      using namespace cv;
      
      
      int main(int argc, char** argv) {
      	Mat src = imread("D:\\Desktop\\pandas.jpg");
      	if (src.empty()) {
      		printf("Could not load images...\n");
      		return -1;
      	}
      	namedWindow("input", WINDOW_NORMAL);
      	imshow("input", src);
      
      	QuickDemo qk;
      
      	...
      	qk.Affine_Demo(src);
      	qk.move_Demo(src);
      	qk.flip_Demo(src);
      	qk.toushi_Demo(src);
      	qk.perspective_detect(src);
      
      	waitKey(0);
      	destroyAllWindows();
      	return 0;
      }
      

      源文件 quick_demo.cpp:实现类与公共函数

      void QuickDemo::flip_Demo(Mat& image) {
      	Mat dst0, dst1, dst2;
      	flip(image, dst0, 0);
      	flip(image, dst1, 1);
      	flip(image, dst2, -1);
      	imshow("dst0_上下翻转", dst0);
      	imshow("dst1_左右翻转", dst1);
      	imshow("dst2_对角线翻转", dst2);  //旋转180度
      }
      

      二、仿射扭曲

      二维图像一般情况下的变换矩阵(旋转+平移),当我们只需要平移的时候,取 θ 的值为0,a和b的值就代表了图像沿x轴和y轴移动的距离;其中原图 (原图大小,不执行缩放)

      获取变换矩阵

      变换矩阵计算:

      其中:

      Mat getRotationMatrix2D( Point2f center,      源图像中旋转的中心
      double angle,      角度以度为单位的旋转角度。正值表示逆时针旋转(坐标原点假定为左上角)。
      double scale     各向同性比例因子。
      )

      仿射扭曲函数 warpAffine

      函数签名

      void warpAffine( InputArray src,              输入矩阵
      OutputArray dst,            输出矩阵
      InputArray M,              2×3 变换矩阵
      Size dsize,              输出图像大小
      int flags = INTER_LINEAR,       插值方式:默认线性插值
      int borderMode = BORDER_CONSTANT, 边缘处理方式
      const Scalar& borderValue = Scalar()   边缘填充值,默认=0
      );

      保留所有原图像素的旋转,原理:

      旋转

      void QuickDemo::rotate_Demo(Mat& image) {
      	Mat dst_0, dst_1, M;
      	int h = image.rows;
      	int w = image.cols;
      	M = getRotationMatrix2D(Point(w / 2, h / 2), 45, 1.0);
      	warpAffine(image, dst_0, M, image.size());
      
      	double cos = abs(M.at<double>(0, 0));
      	double sin = abs(M.at<double>(0, 1));
      
      	int new_w = cos * w + sin * h;
      	int new_h = cos * h + sin * w;
      	M.at<double>(0, 2) += (new_w / 2.0 - w / 2);
      	M.at<double>(1, 2) += (new_h / 2.0 - h / 2);
      	warpAffine(image, dst_1, M, Size(new_w, new_h), INTER_LINEAR, 0, Scalar(255, 255, 0));
      	imshow("旋转演示0", dst_0);
      	imshow("旋转演示1", dst_1);
      }
      

      依次为:原图,旋转45度,保留所有原图像素的旋转45度

      平移

      void QuickDemo::move_Demo(Mat& image) {
      	Mat dst_move;
      	Mat move_mat = (Mat_<double>(2, 3) << 1, 0, 10, 0, 1, 30);//沿x轴移动10沿y轴移动30
      	warpAffine(image, dst_move, move_mat, image.size());
      	imshow("dst_move", dst_move);
      
      	double angle_ = 3.14159265354 / 16.0;
      	cout << "pi=" << cos(angle_) << endl;
      	Mat rota_mat = (Mat_<double>(2, 3) << cos(angle_), -sin(angle_), 1, sin(angle_), cos(angle_), 1);
      	warpAffine(image, rotate_dst, rota_mat, image.size());
      	imshow("rotate_dst", rotate_dst);
      }
      

      三、仿射变换

       Mat getAffineTransform(    返回变换矩阵
      const Point2f src[],      变换前三个点的数组
      const Point2f dst[]     变换后三个点的数组
      );
      void

      void QuickDemo::Affine_Demo(Mat& image) {
      	Mat warp_dst;
      	Mat warp_mat(2, 3, CV_32FC1);
      
      	Point2f srcTri[3];
      	Point2f dstTri[3];
      
      	/// 设置源图像和目标图像上的三组点以计算仿射变换
      	srcTri[0] = Point2f(0, 0);
      	srcTri[1] = Point2f(image.cols - 1, 0);
      	srcTri[2] = Point2f(0, image.rows - 1);
      	for (size_t i = 0; i < 3; i++){
      		circle(image, srcTri[i], 2, Scalar(0, 0, 255), 5, 8);
      	}
      	
      	dstTri[0] = Point2f(image.cols * 0.0, image.rows * 0.13);
      	dstTri[1] = Point2f(image.cols * 0.95, image.rows * 0.15);
      	dstTri[2] = Point2f(image.cols * 0.15, image.rows * 0.9);
      
      	warp_mat = getAffineTransform(srcTri, dstTri);
      	warpAffine(image, warp_dst, warp_mat, warp_dst.size());
      	imshow("warp_dst", warp_dst);
      }
      

      四、透视变换

      获取透射变换的矩阵:

      Mat getPerspectiveTransform(   返回变换矩阵
      const Point2f src[],     透视变换前四个点的 数组
      const Point2f dst[],     透视变换后四个点的 数组
      int solveMethod = DECOMP_LU
      )

      透射变换

      void warpPerspective( InputArray src,         原图像
      OutputArray dst,         返回图像
      InputArray M,           透视变换矩阵
      Size dsize,          返回图像的大小(宽,高)
      int flags = INTER_LINEAR,   插值方法
      int borderMode = BORDER_CONSTANT,  边界处理
      const Scalar& borderValue = Scalar()    缩放处理
      )

      void QuickDemo::toushi_Demo(Mat& image) {
      	Mat toushi_dst, toushi_mat;
      	Point2f toushi_before[4];
      	toushi_before[0] = Point2f(122, 220);
      	toushi_before[1] = Point2f(397, 121);
      	toushi_before[2] = Point2f(133, 339);
      	toushi_before[3] = Point2f(397, 218);
      
      	int width_0  = toushi_before[1].x - toushi_before[0].x;
      	int height_0 = toushi_before[1].y - toushi_before[0].y;
      	int width_1 = toushi_before[2].x - toushi_before[0].x;
      	int height_1 = toushi_before[2].y - toushi_before[0].y;
      
      	int width = (int)sqrt(width_0 * width_0 + height_0 * height_0);
      	int height = (int)sqrt(width_1 * width_1 + height_1 * height_1);
      
      	Point2f toushi_after[4];
      	toushi_after[0] = Point2f(2, 2);                    // x0, y0
      	toushi_after[1] = Point2f(width+2, 2);              // x1, y0
      	toushi_after[2] = Point2f(2, height+2);             // x0, y1
      	toushi_after[3] = Point2f(width + 2, height + 2);   // x1, y1
      
      	for (size_t i = 0; i < 4; i++){
      		cout << toushi_after[i] << endl;
      	}
      
      	toushi_mat = getPerspectiveTransform(toushi_before, toushi_after);
      	warpPerspective(image, toushi_dst, toushi_mat, Size(width, height));
      	imshow("toushi_dst", toushi_dst);
      }
      

      综合示例

      自动化透视矫正图像:

      流程:

      1. 灰度化二值化
      2. 形态学去除噪点
      3. 获取轮廓
      4. 检测直线
      5. 计算直线交点
      6. 获取四个透视顶点
      7. 透视变换

      inline void Intersection(Point2i& interPoint, Vec4i& line1, Vec4i& line2) {
      	// x1, y1, x2, y2 = line1[0], line1[1], line1[2], line1[3]
      
      	int A1 = line1[3] - line1[1];
      	int B1 = line1[0] - line1[2];
      	int C1 = line1[1] * line1[2] - line1[0] * line1[3];
      
      	int A2 = line2[3] - line2[1];
      	int B2 = line2[0] - line2[2];
      	int C2 = line2[1] * line2[2] - line2[0] * line2[3];
      
      	interPoint.x = static_cast<int>((B1 * C2 - B2 * C1) / (A1 * B2 - A2 * B1));
      	interPoint.y = static_cast<int>((C1 * A2 - A1 * C2) / (A1 * B2 - A2 * B1));
      }
      
      
      
      void QuickDemo::perspective_detect(Mat& image) {
      	Mat gray_dst, binary_dst, morph_dst;
      	// 二值化
      	cvtColor(image, gray_dst, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
      	threshold(gray_dst, binary_dst, 0, 255, THRESH_BINARY_INV | THRESH_OTSU);
      
      	//形态学操作
      	Mat kernel = getStructuringElement(MORPH_RECT, Size(5, 5));
      	morphologyEx(binary_dst, morph_dst, MORPH_CLOSE, kernel, Point(-1, -1), 3);
      	bitwise_not(morph_dst, morph_dst);
      	imshow("morph_dst2", morph_dst);
      
      	//轮廓查找与可视化
      	vector<vector<Point>> contours;
      	vector<Vec4i> hierarches;
      	int height = image.rows;
      	int width = image.cols;
      	Mat contours_Img = Mat::zeros(image.size(), CV_8UC3);
      	findContours(morph_dst, contours, hierarches, RETR_TREE, CHAIN_APPROX_SIMPLE);
      	for (size_t i = 0; i < contours.size(); i++){
      		Rect rect = boundingRect(contours[i]);
      		if (rect.width > width / 2 && rect.width < width - 5) {
      			drawContours(contours_Img, contours, i, Scalar(0, 0, 255), 2, 8, hierarches, 0, Point());
      		}
      	}
      	imshow("contours_Img", contours_Img);
      
      	vector<Vec4i> lines;
      	Mat houghImg;
      	int accu = min(width * 0.5, height * 0.5);
      	cvtColor(contours_Img, houghImg, COLOR_BGR2GRAY);
      	HoughLinesP(houghImg, lines, 1, CV_PI / 180, accu, accu*0.6, 0);
      
      	Mat lineImg = Mat::zeros(image.size(), CV_8UC3);
      	for (size_t i = 0; i < lines.size(); i++){
      		Vec4i ln = lines[i];
      		line(lineImg, Point(ln[0], ln[1]), Point(ln[2], ln[3]), Scalar(0, 0, 255), 2, 8, 0);
      	}
      
      	// 寻找与定位上下左右四条直线
      	int delta = 0;
      	Vec4i topline = { 0, 0, 0, 0 };
      	Vec4i bottomline;
      	Vec4i leftline, rightline;
      	for (size_t i = 0; i < lines.size(); i++) {
      		Vec4i ln = lines[i];
      		delta = abs(ln[3] - ln[1]); // y2-y1
      
      		//topline
      		if (ln[3] < height / 2.0 && ln[1] < height / 2.0 && delta < accu - 1) {
      			if (topline[3] > ln[3] && topline[3] > 0) {
      				topline = lines[i];
      			}
      			else {
      				topline = lines[i];
      			}
      		}
      		if (ln[3] > height / 2.0 && ln[1] > height / 2.0 && delta < accu - 1) {
      			bottomline = lines[i];
      		}
      		if (ln[0] < width / 2.0 && ln[2] < width / 2.0) {
      			leftline = lines[i];
      		}
      		if (ln[0] > width / 2.0 && ln[2] > width / 2.0) {
      			rightline = lines[i];
      		}
      	}
      
      	cout << "topline: " << topline << endl;
      	cout << "bottomline: " << bottomline << endl;
      	cout << "leftline: " << leftline << endl;
      	cout << "rightline: " << rightline << endl;
      
      	// 计算上述四条直线交点(两条线的交点:依次为左上,右上,左下,右下)
      	Point2i p0, p1, p2, p3;
      	Intersection(p0, topline, leftline);
      	Intersection(p1, topline, rightline);
      	Intersection(p2, bottomline, leftline);
      	Intersection(p3, bottomline, rightline);
      
      	circle(lineImg, p0, 2, Scalar(255, 0, 0), 2, 8, 0);
      	circle(lineImg, p1, 2, Scalar(255, 0, 0), 2, 8, 0);
      	circle(lineImg, p2, 2, Scalar(255, 0, 0), 2, 8, 0);
      	circle(lineImg, p3, 2, Scalar(255, 0, 0), 2, 8, 0);
      	imshow("Intersection", lineImg);
      
      	//透视变换
      	vector<Point2f> src_point(4);
      	src_point[0] = p0;
      	src_point[1] = p1;
      	src_point[2] = p2;
      	src_point[3] = p3;
      
      	int new_height = max(abs(p2.y - p0.y), abs(p3.y - p1.y));
      	int new_width = max(abs(p1.x - p0.x), abs(p3.x - p2.x));
      	cout << "new_height = " << new_height << endl;
      	cout << "new_width = " << new_width << endl;
      	
      	vector<Point2f> dst_point(4);
      	dst_point[0] = Point(0,0);
      	dst_point[1] = Point(new_width, 0);
      	dst_point[2] = Point(0, new_height);
      	dst_point[3] = Point(new_width, new_height);
      	
      	Mat resultImg;
      	Mat wrap_mat = getPerspectiveTransform(src_point, dst_point);
      	warpPerspective(image, resultImg, wrap_mat, Size(new_width, new_height));
      	imshow("resultImg", resultImg);
      }
      

      关键步骤可视化



      总结

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