python实现百度文库自动化爬取
目录
- 项目介绍
- 已有功能
- 环境安装
- Windows用看这里
- ubuntu用户看这里
- 使用方式：
- 主要代码
- 项目地址
项目介绍
可以下载doc，ppt，pdf．对于doc文档可以下载，doc中的表格无法下载，图片格式的文档也可以下载．ppt和pdf是先下载图片再放到ppt中．只要是可以预览的都可以下载。
已有功能
- 将可以预览的word文档下载为word文档，如果文档是扫描件，同样支持．
- 将可以预览的ppt和pdf下载为不可编辑的ppt，因为网页上只有图片，所以理论上无法下载可编辑的版本．
环境安装
pip install requests pip install my_fake_useragent pip install python-docx pip install opencv-python pip install python-pptx pip install selenium pip install scrapy
本项目使用的是chromedriver控制chrome浏览器进行数据爬取的的，chromedriver的版本和chrome需要匹配
Windows用看这里
1. 如果你的chrome浏览器版本恰好是87.0.4280，那么恭喜你，你可以直接看使用方式了，因为我下载的chromedriver也是这个版本
2. 如果不是，你需要查看自己的chrome浏览器版本，然后到chromedriver下载地址：http://npm.taobao.org/mirrors/chromedriver/ 这个地址下载对应版本的chromedriver,比如你的浏览器版本是87.0.4280，你就可以找到87.0.4280.20/这个链接，如果你是windows版本然后选择chromedriver_win32.zip进行下载解压。千万不要下载LASEST——RELEASE87.0.4280这个链接，这个链接没有用，之前有小伙伴走过弯路的，注意一下哈。
3. 用解压好的chromedriver.exe替换原有文件，然后跳到使用方式
ubuntu用户看这里
讲道理，你已经用ubuntu了，那位就默认你是大神，你只要根据chrome的版本下载对应的chromdriver(linux系统的)，然后把chromedriver的路径改称你下载解压的文件路径就好了，然后跳到使用方式。哈哈哈，我这里就偷懒不讲武德啦
使用方式：
把代码中的url改为你想要下载的链接地址，脚本会自动文档判断类型，并把在当前目录新建文件夹并把文件下载到当前目录。
主要代码
import os
import time
from selenium import webdriver
from selenium.webdriver.common.desired_capabilities import DesiredCapabilities
from scrapy import Selector
import requests
from my_fake_useragent import UserAgent
import docx
from docx.shared import Inches
import cv2
from pptx import Presentation
from pptx.util import Inches
#dows是的chromedriver
chromedriver_path = "./chromedriver.exe"
#用ubuntu的chromedriver
# chromedriver_path = "./chromedriver"
doc_dir_path = "./doc"
ppt_dir_path = "./ppt"
# url = "https://wenku.baidu.com/view/4410199cb0717fd5370cdc2e.html?fr=search"# doc_txt p
# url = "https://wenku.baidu.com/view/4d18916f7c21af45b307e87101f69e314332fa36.html" # doc_txt span
# url = "https://wenku.baidu.com/view/dea519c7e53a580216fcfefa.html?fr=search" # doc_txt span br
# url = 'https://wk.baidu.com/view/062edabeb6360b4c2e3f5727a5e9856a5712262d?pcf=2&bfetype=new' # doc_img
# url = "https://wenku.baidu.com/view/2af6de34a7e9856a561252d380eb6294dd88228d"# vip限定doc
# url = "https://wenku.baidu.com/view/3de365cc6aec0975f46527d3240c844769eaa0aa.html?fr=search" #ppt
# url = "https://wenku.baidu.com/view/18a8bc08094e767f5acfa1c7aa00b52acec79c55"#pdf
# url = "https://wenku.baidu.com/view/bbe27bf21b5f312b3169a45177232f60dccce772"
# url = "https://wenku.baidu.com/view/5cb11d096e1aff00bed5b9f3f90f76c660374c24.html?fr=search"
# url = "https://wenku.baidu.com/view/71f9818fef06eff9aef8941ea76e58fafab045a6.html"
# url = "https://wenku.baidu.com/view/ffc6b32a68eae009581b6bd97f1922791788be69.html"
url = "https://wenku.baidu.com/view/d4d2e1e3122de2bd960590c69ec3d5bbfd0adaa6.html"
class DownloadImg():
def __init__(self):
self.ua = UserAgent()
def download_one_img(self, img_url, saved_path):
# 下载图片
header = {
"User-Agent": "{}".format(self.ua.random().strip()),
'Connection': 'close'}
r = requests.get(img_url, headers=header, stream=True)
print("请求图片状态码 {}".format(r.status_code)) # 返回状态码
if r.status_code == 200: # 写入图片
with open(saved_path, mode="wb") as f:
f.write(r.content)
print("download {} success!".format(saved_path))
del r
return saved_path
class StartChrome():
def __init__(self):
mobile_emulation = {"deviceName": "Galaxy S5"}
capabilities = DesiredCapabilities.CHROME
capabilities['loggingPrefs'] = {'browser': 'ALL'}
options = webdriver.ChromeOptions()
options.add_experimental_option("mobileEmulation", mobile_emulation)
self.brower = webdriver.Chrome(executable_path=chromedriver_path, desired_capabilities=capabilities,
chrome_options=options)
# 启动浏览器，打开需要下载的网页
self.brower.get(url)
self.download_img = DownloadImg()
def click_ele(self, click_xpath):
# 单击指定控件
click_ele = self.brower.find_elements_by_xpath(click_xpath)
if click_ele:
click_ele[0].location_once_scrolled_into_view # 滚动到控件位置
self.brower.execute_script('arguments[0].click()', click_ele[0]) # 单击控件，即使控件被遮挡，同样可以单击
def judge_doc(self, contents):
# 判断文档类别
p_list = ''.join(contents.xpath("./text()").extract())
span_list = ''.join(contents.xpath("./span/text()").extract())
# # if span_list
# if len(span_list)>len(p_list):
# xpath_content_one = "./br/text()|./span/text()|./text()"
# elif len(span_list)<len(p_list):
# # xpath_content_one = "./br/text()|./text()"
# xpath_content_one = "./br/text()|./span/text()|./text()"
if len(span_list)!=len(p_list):
xpath_content_one = "./br/text()|./span/text()|./text()"
else:
xpath_content_one = "./span/img/@src"
return xpath_content_one
def create_ppt_doc(self, ppt_dir_path, doc_dir_path):
# 点击关闭开通会员按钮
xpath_close_button = "//div[@class='na-dialog-wrap show']/div/div/div[@class='btn-close']"
self.click_ele(xpath_close_button)
# 点击继续阅读
xpath_continue_read_button = "//div[@class='foldpagewg-icon']"
self.click_ele(xpath_continue_read_button)
# 点击取消打开百度ａｐｐ按钮
xpath_next_content_button = "//div[@class='btn-wrap']/div[@class='btn-cancel']"
self.click_ele(xpath_next_content_button)
# 循环点击加载更多按钮，直到显示全文
click_count = 0
while True:
# 如果到了最后一页就跳出循环
if self.brower.find_elements_by_xpath("//div[@class='pagerwg-loadSucc hide']") or self.brower.find_elements_by_xpath("//div[@class='pagerwg-button' and @style='display: none;']"):
break
# 点击加载更多
xpath_loading_more_button = "//span[@class='pagerwg-arrow-lower']"
self.click_ele(xpath_loading_more_button)
click_count += 1
print("第{}次点击加载更多!".format(click_count))
# 等待一秒，等浏览器加载
time.sleep(1.5)
# 获取html内容
sel = Selector(text=self.brower.page_source)
#判断文档类型
xpath_content = "//div[@class='content singlePage wk-container']/div/p/img/@data-loading-src|//div[@class='content singlePage wk-container']/div/p/img/@data-src"
contents = sel.xpath(xpath_content).extract()
if contents:#如果是ppt
self.create_ppt(ppt_dir_path, sel)
else:#如果是doc
self.create_doc(doc_dir_path, sel)
# a = 3333
# return sel
def create_ppt(self, ppt_dir_path, sel):
# 如果文件夹不存在就创建一个
if not os.path.exists(ppt_dir_path):
os.makedirs(ppt_dir_path)
SLD_LAYOUT_TITLE_AND_CONTENT = 6 # 6代表ppt模版为空
prs = Presentation() # 实例化ppt
# # 获取完整html
# sel = self.get_html_data()
# 获取标题
xpath_title = "//div[@class='doc-title']/text()"
title = "".join(sel.xpath(xpath_title).extract()).strip()
# 获取内容
xpath_content_p = "//div[@class='content singlePage wk-container']/div/p/img"
xpath_content_p_list = sel.xpath(xpath_content_p)
xpath_content_p_url_list=[]
for imgs in xpath_content_p_list:
xpath_content = "./@data-loading-src|./@data-src|./@src"
contents_list = imgs.xpath(xpath_content).extract()
xpath_content_p_url_list.append(contents_list)
img_path_list = [] # 保存下载的图片路径，方便后续图片插入ppt和删除图片
# 下载图片到指定目录
for index, content_img_p in enumerate(xpath_content_p_url_list):
p_img_path_list=[]
for index_1,img_one in enumerate(content_img_p):
one_img_saved_path = os.path.join(ppt_dir_path, "{}_{}.jpg".format(index,index_1))
self.download_img.download_one_img(img_one, one_img_saved_path)
p_img_path_list.append(one_img_saved_path)
p_img_max_shape = 0
for index,p_img_path in enumerate(p_img_path_list):
img_shape = cv2.imread(p_img_path).shape
if p_img_max_shape<img_shape[0]:
p_img_max_shape = img_shape[0]
index_max_img = index
img_path_list.append(p_img_path_list[index_max_img])
print(img_path_list)
# 获取下载的图片中最大的图片的尺寸
img_shape_max=[0,0]
for img_path_one in img_path_list:
img_path_one_shape = cv2.imread(img_path_one).shape
if img_path_one_shape[0]>img_shape_max[0]:
img_shape_max = img_path_one_shape
# 把图片统一缩放最大的尺寸
for img_path_one in img_path_list:
cv2.imwrite(img_path_one,cv2.resize(cv2.imread(img_path_one),(img_shape_max[1],img_shape_max[0])))
# img_shape_path = img_path_list[0]
# 获得图片的尺寸
# img_shape = cv2.imread(img_shape_path).shape
# 把像素转换为ppt中的长度单位emu,默认dpi是720
# 1厘米=28.346像素=360000
# 1像素 = 12700emu
prs.slide_width = img_shape_max[1] * 12700 # 换算单位
prs.slide_height = img_shape_max[0] * 12700
for img_path_one in img_path_list:
left = Inches(0)
right = Inches(0)
# width = Inches(1)
slide_layout = prs.slide_layouts[SLD_LAYOUT_TITLE_AND_CONTENT]
slide = prs.slides.add_slide(slide_layout)
pic = slide.shapes.add_picture(img_path_one, left, right, )
print("insert {} into pptx success!".format(img_path_one))
# os.remove(img_path_one)
for root,dirs,files in os.walk(ppt_dir_path):
for file in files:
if file.endswith(".jpg"):
img_path = os.path.join(root,file)
os.remove(img_path)
prs.save(os.path.join(ppt_dir_path, title + ".pptx"))
print("download {} success!".format(os.path.join(ppt_dir_path, title + ".pptx")))
def create_doc(self, doc_dir_path, sel):
# 如果文件夹不存在就创建一个
if not os.path.exists(doc_dir_path):
os.makedirs(doc_dir_path)
# # 获取完整html
# sel = self.get_html_data()
# 获取标题
xpath_title = "//div[@class='doc-title']/text()"
title = "".join(sel.xpath(xpath_title).extract()).strip()
document = docx.Document() # 创建word文档
document.add_heading(title, 0) # 添加标题
# 获取文章内容
xpath_content = "//div[contains(@data-id,'div_class_')]//p"
# xpath_content = "//div[contains(@data-id,'div_class_')]/p"
contents = sel.xpath(xpath_content)
# 判断内容类别
xpath_content_one = self.judge_doc(contents)
if xpath_content_one.endswith("text()"): # 如果是文字就直接爬
for content_one in contents:
one_p_list = content_one.xpath(xpath_content_one).extract()
p_txt = ""
for p in one_p_list:
if p==" ":
p_txt += ('\n'+p)
else:
p_txt += p
# content_txt_one = '*'.join(content_one.xpath(xpath_content_one).extract())
pp = document.add_paragraph(p_txt)
document.save(os.path.join(doc_dir_path, '{}.docx'.format(title)))
print("download {} success!".format(title))
elif xpath_content_one.endswith("@src"): # 如果是图片就下载图片
for index, content_one in enumerate(contents.xpath(xpath_content_one).extract()):
# 获取图片下载路径
content_img_one_url = 'https:' + content_one
# 保存图片
saved_image_path = self.download_img.download_one_img(content_img_one_url, os.path.join(doc_dir_path,
"{}.jpg".format(
index)))
document.add_picture(saved_image_path, width=Inches(6)) # 在文档中加入图片
os.remove(saved_image_path) # 删除下载的图片
document.save(os.path.join(doc_dir_path, '{}.docx'.format(title))) # 保存文档到指定位置
print("download {} success!".format(title))
if __name__ == "__main__":
start_chrome = StartChrome()
# start_chrome.create_doc_txt(doc_dir_path)
start_chrome.create_ppt_doc(ppt_dir_path, doc_dir_path)
项目地址
https://github.com/siyangbing/baiduwenku
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