C# 实现俄罗斯方块(附源码)
概述
俄罗斯方块(Tetris)是一款由俄罗斯人阿列克谢·帕基特诺夫发明的休闲游戏,帕基特诺夫爱玩拼图,从拼图游戏里得到灵感,设计出了俄罗斯方块。由于上手简单、老少皆宜,从而家喻户晓,风靡世界。本文简述如何通过C#来实现俄罗斯方块,仅供学习分享使用,如有不足之处,还请指正。
涉及知识点
BackgroundWorker 在单独的线程上执行操作(主要执行比较耗时的操作)。
Action .NetFramework自带的一个委托方法。
TableLayoutPanel 表示一个面板,它可以在一个由行和列组成的网格中对其内容进行动态布局,本文主要用作俄罗斯方块的容器。
方块流程图
如下图所示,描述了俄罗斯方块的设计流程图
俄罗斯方块效果图
如下图所示:主要包括状态,得分,开始按钮,停止按钮,按键盘左右箭头移动等功能
核心代码
1. 定义方块的形状
如下所示:共7中形状
/// <summary> /// 俄罗斯方块的形状 /// </summary> public enum TetrisStyle { S = 0, Z = 1, L = 2, J = 3, I = 4, O = 5, T = 6 }
2. 定义移动的方向
如下所示:默认向下移动,同时可以左右移动
/// <summary> /// 俄罗斯方块移动方向 /// </summary> public enum TetrisDirection { UP = 0,//上,表示顺时针旋转 DOWN = 1,//下,表示向下移动 LEFT = 2,//左,表示往左移动 RIGHT = 3, //表示向右移动 DEFAULT=4 //默认动作 }
3. 俄罗斯方块元素
如下所示,每一种形状都由四个方块组成,根据不同形状设置不同的位置
/// <summary> /// 俄罗斯方块元素 /// </summary> public class TetrisElement { /// <summary> /// 构造函数 /// </summary> /// <param name="style"></param> public TetrisElement(TetrisStyle style) { this.style = style; } /// <summary> /// 构造函数 /// </summary> /// <param name="style">形状</param> /// <param name="content">内容</param> /// <param name="location">位置</param> public TetrisElement(TetrisStyle style, Point[] content, Point location) { this.style = style; this.content = content; this.location = location; } /// <summary> /// 元素字母类型 /// </summary> public TetrisStyle style { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 内容 /// </summary> public Point[] content { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 元素位置 /// </summary> public Point location { get; set; } /// <summary> /// 位置改变 /// </summary> /// <param name="x"></param> /// <param name="y"></param> public void move(int x, int y) { this.location = new Point(x, y); } public Point[] getContent(TetrisStyle style) { //内容由四个点组成,顺序:先上后下,先左后右 Point[] content = new Point[4]; switch (style) { case TetrisStyle.I: //I形状 content[0] = new Point(0, 0); content[1] = new Point(0, 1); content[2] = new Point(0, 2); content[3] = new Point(0, 3); break; case TetrisStyle.J: //J形状 content[0] = new Point(1, 0); content[1] = new Point(1, 1); content[2] = new Point(1, 2); content[3] = new Point(0, 2); break; case TetrisStyle.L: //L形状 content[0] = new Point(0, 0); content[1] = new Point(0, 1); content[2] = new Point(0, 2); content[3] = new Point(1, 2); break; case TetrisStyle.O: //O形状 content[0] = new Point(0, 0); content[1] = new Point(1, 0); content[2] = new Point(0, 1); content[3] = new Point(1, 1); break; case TetrisStyle.S: //S形状 content[0] = new Point(2, 0); content[1] = new Point(1, 0); content[2] = new Point(1, 1); content[3] = new Point(0, 1); break; case TetrisStyle.T: //T形状 content[0] = new Point(0, 0); content[1] = new Point(1, 0); content[2] = new Point(2, 0); content[3] = new Point(1, 1); break; case TetrisStyle.Z: //Z形状 content[0] = new Point(0, 0); content[1] = new Point(1, 0); content[2] = new Point(1, 1); content[3] = new Point(2, 1); break; default: //默认I content[0] = new Point(0, 0); content[1] = new Point(0, 1); content[2] = new Point(0, 2); content[3] = new Point(0, 3); break; } return content; } }
4. 容器类
如下所示:容器类主要是移动方块元素,并更新页面上的值
/// <summary> /// 俄罗斯方块容器 /// </summary> public class TetrisContainer { private int[,] tetris = new int[10, 20];//定义二维数组,表示坐标信息,默认值为0 public Action<Point,Point[],TetrisDirection> onPartialChanged;//局部变更事件 public Action<int[,]> onFullChanged;//元素全变更事件,即有整行被清除事件 public Action onCompleted; //结束事件 public int scorce = 0; /// <summary> /// 状态发生改变 /// </summary> /// <param name="element"></param> /// <param name="direction"></param> /// <returns></returns> public TetrisElement change(TetrisElement element, TetrisDirection direction) { TetrisElement tmp=null; //判断不同的方向 switch (direction) { case TetrisDirection.DEFAULT: //如果可以向下移动 if (checkDefault(element)) { //向下移动一个元素 element.move(element.location.X, element.location.Y + 1); tmp = element; } else { //如果不可以向下移动,则更新容器 updateTetris(element); tmp = null; } break; case TetrisDirection.DOWN: break; case TetrisDirection.UP: break; case TetrisDirection.LEFT: if (checkLeft(element)){ //判断是否可以向左移动 //向下移动一个元素 element.move(element.location.X-1, element.location.Y); tmp = element; } break; case TetrisDirection.RIGHT: if (checkRight(element)) { //判断是否可以右左移动 //向下移动一个元素 element.move(element.location.X+1, element.location.Y); tmp = element; } break; } //局部变更 if (onPartialChanged != null) { Point location = element.location; Point[] content = new Point[4]; element.content.CopyTo(content, 0); for (int i = 0; i < content.Length; i++) { content[i].X = location.X + content[i].X; content[i].Y = location.Y + content[i].Y; } onPartialChanged(location,content,direction); } //判断游戏是否结束 if (onCompleted != null) { if (checkComplete()) { onCompleted(); } } //全部变更 if (onFullChanged != null) { //判断是是否有权为1的行,如果有则消掉 int[] rows = checkAllTetris(); if (rows.Length>0) { updateAllTetris(rows);//消掉行 onFullChanged(tetris); } } return tmp; } /// <summary> /// 更新tetris /// </summary> /// <param name="element"></param> private void updateTetris(TetrisElement element) { Point location = element.location; Point[] content = element.content; int minX = element.getMinX(element.style); int【本文由:香港大带宽服务器提供】 maxX = element.getMaxX(element.style); int minY = element.getMinY(element.style); int maxY = element.getMaxY(element.style); foreach (Point p in content) { if (location.Y + p.Y < 20 && location.Y + p.Y >= 0 && location.X + p.X >= 0 && location.X + p.X < 10) { this.tetris[location.X + p.X, location.Y + p.Y] = 1; } } } /// <summary> /// 检查全部列 /// </summary> private int[] checkAllTetris() { List<int> lst = new List<int>(); //20行 for (int y = 0; y < 20; y++) { int col = 0; //10列 for (int x = 0; x < 10; x++) { if (tetris[x, y] == 0) { break; } else { col += 1; } } if (col == 10) { col = 0; lst.Add(y); } } return lst.ToArray(); } /// <summary> /// 更新 /// </summary> private void updateAllTetris(int[] rows) { foreach (int row in rows) { //当前行清掉 for (int x = 0; x < 10; x++) { tetris[x, row] = 0; } //row行之上的往下移动一行 for (int y = row-1; y >=0; y--) { for (int x = 0; x < 10; x++) { if (tetris[x, y] == 1) { tetris[x, y + 1] = 1; tetris[x, y] = 0; } } } } } /// <summary> /// 判断游戏是否结束 /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> private bool checkComplete() { bool isComplete = false; for (int i = 0; i < 10; i++) { if (tetris[i, 0] == 1) { isComplete = true; break; } } return isComplete; } /// <summary> /// 更新得分 /// </summary> /// <param name="s"></param> public void updateScore(int s) { this.scorce = this.scorce + s; } /// <summary> /// 重置信息 /// </summary> public void Reset() { this.tetris = new int[10, 20]; this.scorce = 0; } }
5. 随机生成方块元素和起始位置
/// <summary> /// 静态函数,生成Tetris元素对象 /// </summary> /// <returns></returns> public static TetrisElement generate() { Random r = new Random(0); //随机生成形状 int tstyle = getRandom(); tstyle = tstyle % 7; TetrisStyle style = TetrisStyle.I; style = (TetrisStyle)Enum.Parse(typeof(TetrisStyle), tstyle.ToString()); //随机生成起始坐标 int x = getRandom(); x = x % 10; int y = 0; //根据形状生成位置信息 TetrisElement element = new TetrisElement(style); //内容由四个点组成,顺序:先上后下,先左后右 Point[] content = element.getContent(style); //获取最小坐标和最大坐标,防止越界 int minX = element.getMinX(style); int minY = element.getMinY(style); int maxX = element.getMaxX(style); int maxY = element.getMaxY(style); //修正起始坐标 x = (x <= minX) ? minX : x; x = (x >= maxX) ? maxX : x; y = minY; Point location = new Point(x, y); element.location = location; element.content = content; return element; }
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