如何利用最简单的C语言实现AI五子棋
目录
- 一.如何实现
- 二.实现代码及分析
- （1）菜单的制作
- （2）棋盘的初始化和打印
- （3）玩家下子
- （4）电脑下子
- （5）判断输赢
- 三.整个代码
- （1）test.c文件下代码：
- （2）game.c下的代码
- （3）game.h下的代码
- 四.具体效果
- 1.棋盘打印以及选择先后手
- 2.玩家和电脑下子
- 3.判断输赢
- 总结
一.如何实现
1.说明：由于本文只是对初学C语言的人学习，所以将不会涉及任何算法，电脑将采用随机下子的方式。（后期会为大家介绍Alpha-Beta剪枝算法实现人工智能AI）
2.主要部分：
（1）菜单
（2）打印棋盘
（3）玩家下子
（4）电脑下子
（5）判断输赢
二.实现代码及分析
（1）菜单的制作
运用do…while循环调用菜单，根据用户选择实现玩游戏和退出游戏
（2）棋盘的初始化和打印
棋盘采用标准的15*15的格子，我们可以宏定义ROW和COL分别为15和15来表示行和列。
分别封装两个函数对棋盘进行初始化和打印
初始化：（这里将棋盘初始化为空格，可初始化为其他）
打印棋盘：
效果如下：
（3）玩家下子
void PlayerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col) {
int x, y;
while (1) {
printf("玩家走：\n");
printf("请输入坐标：\n");
scanf("%d %d", &x, &y);
if (x >= 1 && x <= row && y >= 1 && y <= col) {
if (board[x - 1][y - 1] == ' ') {
board[x - 1][y - 1] = 'O';
break;
}
else {
printf("坐标被占用，请重新输入\n");
}
}
else {
printf("坐标非法，请重新输入\n");
}
}
}
玩家下子主要采用的思路是，判断棋盘上是否有子，已经输入的坐标是否合法。
（4）电脑下子
void ComputerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col) {
int x, y;
printf("电脑走\n");
while (1) {
x = rand() % row;
y = rand() % col;
if (board[x][y] == ' ') {
board[x][y] = 'X';
break;
}
}
}
与玩家下子相同，此处采用的随机下子，后期可进行优化（比如：极大极小值算法、Alpha-Beta剪枝算法等）
（5）判断输赢
通过遍历整个棋盘，观察是否有连五子情况出现，代码如下：
char iswin(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col) {
//行
int ren=0,dian=0,i,j;
for (i = 0;i < row;i++) {
ren = 0;
for (j = 0;j < col;j++) {
if (board[i][j] == 'O')
ren++;
else
ren = 0;
if (ren >= 5)
return 'o';
}
}
for (i = 0;i < row;i++) {
dian = 0;
for (j = 0;j < col;j++) {
if (board[i][j] == 'X')
dian++;
else
dian = 0;
if (dian >= 5)
return 'x';
}
}
//列
ren = dian = 0;
for (i = 0;i < row;i++) {
ren = 0;
for (j = 0;j < col;j++) {
if (board[j][i] == 'O')
ren++;
else
ren = 0;
if (ren >= 5)
return 'o';
}
}
for (i = 0;i < row;i++) {
dian = 0;
for (j = 0;j < col;j++) {
if (board[j][i] == 'X')
dian++;
else
dian = 0;
if (dian >= 5)
return 'x';
}
}
//右下
ren = dian =i=j= 0;
for (int k = 0;k < row;k++) {
i = k;
j = 0;
ren = 0;
while (i < row && j < col) {
if (board[i][j] == 'O') {
ren++;
}
else {
ren = 0;
}
i++;
j++;
if (ren >= 5)
return 'o';
}
}
i = j = 0;
for (int k = 0;k < row;k++) {
i = k;
j = 0;
dian = 0;
while (i < row && j < col) {
if (board[i][j] == 'X') {
dian++;
}
else
dian = 0;
i++;
j++;
if (dian >= 5)
return 'x';
}
}
//右上
for (int k = row;k >=0;k--) {
j = col;
i = k;
ren = 0;
while (i >=0 && j >=0) {
if (board[i][j] == 'O') {
ren++;
}
else
ren = 0;
i--;
j--;
if (ren >= 5)
return 'o';
}
}
for (int k = row;k >= 0;k--) {
i = k;
j = col;
dian = 0;
while (i >= 0 && j >= 0) {
if (board[i][j] == 'X') {
dian++;
}
else
dian = 0;
i--;
j--;
if (dian >= 5)
return 'o';
}
}
for (int k = row;k >= 0;k--) {
i = k;
j = 0;
dian = 0;
while (i >= 0 && j <col) {
if (board[i][j] == 'O') {
dian++;
}
else
dian = 0;
i--;
j++;
if (dian >= 5)
return 'o';
}
}
for (int k = row;k >= 0;k--) {
i = k;
j = 0;
dian = 0;
while (i >= 0 && j <col) {
if (board[i][j] == 'X') {
dian++;
}
else
dian = 0;
i--;
j++;
if (dian >= 5)
return 'x';
}
}
for (int k = 0;k < row;k++) {
i = k;
j = col;
dian = 0;
while (i < row && j >= 0) {
if (board[i][j] == 'O') {
dian++;
}
else
dian = 0;
i++;
j--;
if (dian >= 5)
return 'o';
}
}
for (int k = 0;k <row;k++) {
i = k;
j = col;
dian = 0;
while (i <row && j >= 0) {
if (board[i][j] == 'X') {
dian++;
}
else
dian = 0;
i++;
j--;
if (dian >= 5)
return 'x';
}
}
for (int k = row;k >= 0;k--) {
i = k;
j = 0;
dian = 0;
while (i >= 0 && j <col) {
if (board[i][j] == 'O') {
dian++;
}
else
dian = 0;
i--;
j++;
if (dian >= 5)
return 'o';
}
}
for (int k = row;k >= 0;k--) {
i = k;
j = 0;
dian = 0;
while (i >= 0 && j <col) {
if (board[i][j] == 'X') {
dian++;
}
else
dian = 0;
i--;
j++;
if (dian >= 5)
return 'x';
}
}
for (int k = 0;k < row;k++) {
i = k;
j = col;
dian = 0;
while (i < row && j >= 0) {
if (board[i][j] == 'O') {
dian++;
}
else
dian = 0;
i++;
j--;
if (dian >= 5)
return 'o';
}
}
for (int k = 0;k <row;k++) {
i = k;
j = col;
dian = 0;
while (i <row && j >= 0) {
if (board[i][j] == 'X') {
dian++;
}
else
dian = 0;
i++;
j--;
if (dian >= 5)
return 'x';
}
}
return 'c';
//左
}
三.整个代码
（1）test.c文件下代码：
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include"game.h"
void menu() {
printf("**************************\n");
printf("******* 1. play *********\n");
printf("******* 0. exit *********\n");
printf("**************************\n");
}
void game() {
//棋盘数组
char board[ROW][COL],ret;
//初始化棋盘
InitBoard(board, ROW, COL);
//打印棋盘
PrintBoard(board, ROW, COL);
//下棋
int a;
printf("1.先手 0.后手");
scanf("%d", &a);
if(a==1)
PlayerMove(board, ROW, COL);
else
ComputerMove(board, ROW, COL);
while (1) {
if (a == 0) {
//PlayerMove(board, ROW, COL);
PlayerMove(board, ROW, COL);
PrintBoard(board, ROW, COL);
ret=iswin(board, ROW, COL);
if (ret != 'c') {
break;
}
//ComputerMove(board, ROW, COL);
ComputerMove(board, ROW, COL);
PrintBoard(board, ROW, COL);
ret = iswin(board, ROW, COL);
if (ret != 'c') {
break;
}
}
else {
//ComputerMove(board, ROW, COL);
ComputerMove(board, ROW, COL);
PrintBoard(board, ROW, COL);
ret = iswin(board, ROW, COL);
if (ret != 'c') {
break;
}
//PlayerMove(board, ROW, COL);
PlayerMove(board, ROW, COL);
PrintBoard(board, ROW, COL);
ret = iswin(board, ROW, COL);
if (ret != 'c') {
break;
}
}
}
if (ret == 'o')
printf("玩家赢\n");
else if (ret == 'x')
printf("电脑赢\n");
else
printf("平局\n");
}
int main() {
int input;
srand((unsigned int)time(NULL));
do {
menu();
scanf("%d", &input);
switch (input) {
case 1:
game();
break;
case 0:
printf("退出游戏\n");
break;
default:
printf("选择错误\n");
break;
}
} while (input);
return 0;
}
（2）game.c下的代码
#define _CRT_SECURE_NO_WARNINGS 1
#include"game.h"
void InitBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col) {
for (int i = 0;i < row;i++) {
for (int j = 0;j < col;j++) {
board[i][j] = ' ';
}
}
}
void PrintBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col) {
for (int i = 0;i < row;i++) {
printf(" ");
printf("%2d", i+1);
}
printf("\n");
for (int i = 0;i < row;i++) {
//打印数据
printf("%2d", i + 1);
for (int j = 0;j < col;j++) {
printf(" %c ", board[i][j]);
if (j < col - 1)
printf("|");
}
printf("\n");
//打印分割行
if (i < row - 1) {
printf(" ");
for (int j = 0;j < col;j++) {
printf("---");
if (j < col-1)
printf("|");
}
printf("\n");
}
}
}
void PlayerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col) {
int x, y;
while (1) {
printf("玩家走：\n");
printf("请输入坐标：\n");
scanf("%d %d", &x, &y);
if (x >= 1 && x <= row && y >= 1 && y <= col) {
if (board[x - 1][y - 1] == ' ') {
board[x - 1][y - 1] = 'O';
break;
}
else {
printf("坐标被占用，请重新输入\n");
}
}
else {
printf("坐标非法，请重新输入\n");
}
}
}
void ComputerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col) {
int x, y;
printf("电脑走\n");
while (1) {
x = rand() % row;
y = rand() % col;
if (board[x][y] == ' ') {
board[x][y] = 'X';
break;
}
}
}
char iswin(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col) {
//行
int ren=0,dian=0,i,j;
for (i = 0;i < row;i++) {
ren = 0;
for (j = 0;j < col;j++) {
if (board[i][j] == 'O')
ren++;
else
ren = 0;
if (ren >= 5)
return 'o';
}
}
for (i = 0;i < row;i++) {
dian = 0;
for (j = 0;j < col;j++) {
if (board[i][j] == 'X')
dian++;
else
dian = 0;
if (dian >= 5)
return 'x';
}
}
//列
ren = dian = 0;
for (i = 0;i < row;i++) {
ren = 0;
for (j = 0;j < col;j++) {
if (board[j][i] == 'O')
ren++;
else
ren = 0;
if (ren >= 5)
return 'o';
}
}
for (i = 0;i < row;i++) {
dian = 0;
for (j = 0;j < col;j++) {
if (board[j][i] == 'X')
dian++;
else
dian = 0;
if (dian >= 5)
return 'x';
}
}
//右下
ren = dian =i=j= 0;
for (int k = 0;k < row;k++) {
i = k;
j = 0;
ren = 0;
while (i < row && j < col) {
if (board[i][j] == 'O') {
ren++;
}
else {
ren = 0;
}
i++;
j++;
if (ren >= 5)
return 'o';
}
}
i = j = 0;
for (int k = 0;k < row;k++) {
i = k;
j = 0;
dian = 0;
while (i < row && j < col) {
if (board[i][j] == 'X') {
dian++;
}
else
dian = 0;
i++;
j++;
if (dian >= 5)
return 'x';
}
}
//右上
for (int k = row;k >=0;k--) {
j = col;
i = k;
ren = 0;
while (i >=0 && j >=0) {
if (board[i][j] == 'O') {
ren++;
}
else
ren = 0;
i--;
j--;
if (ren >= 5)
return 'o';
}
}
for (int k = row;k >= 0;k--) {
i = k;
j = col;
dian = 0;
while (i >= 0 && j >= 0) {
if (board[i][j] == 'X') {
dian++;
}
else
dian = 0;
i--;
j--;
if (dian >= 5)
return 'o';
}
}
for (int k = row;k >= 0;k--) {
i = k;
j = 0;
dian = 0;
while (i >= 0 && j <col) {
if (board[i][j] == 'O') {
dian++;
}
else
dian = 0;
i--;
j++;
if (dian >= 5)
return 'o';
}
}
for (int k = row;k >= 0;k--) {
i = k;
j = 0;
dian = 0;
while (i >= 0 && j <col) {
if (board[i][j] == 'X') {
dian++;
}
else
dian = 0;
i--;
j++;
if (dian >= 5)
return 'x';
}
}
for (int k = 0;k < row;k++) {
i = k;
j = col;
dian = 0;
while (i < row && j >= 0) {
if (board[i][j] == 'O') {
dian++;
}
else
dian = 0;
i++;
j--;
if (dian >= 5)
return 'o';
}
}
for (int k = 0;k <row;k++) {
i = k;
j = col;
dian = 0;
while (i <row && j >= 0) {
if (board[i][j] == 'X') {
dian++;
}
else
dian = 0;
i++;
j--;
if (dian >= 5)
return 'x';
}
}
return 'c';
//左
}
（3）game.h下的代码
#pragma once #define ROW 15 #define COL 15 #include<stdio.h> #include<stdlib.h> #include<time.h> //初始化棋盘 void InitBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col); //打印棋盘 void PrintBoard(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col); //人走 void PlayerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col); //电脑走 void ComputerMove(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col); //判断输赢 char iswin(char board[ROW][COL], int row, int col);
四.具体效果
1.棋盘打印以及选择先后手
2.玩家和电脑下子
3.判断输赢
此处我们看到玩家赢了，可是电脑实在太蠢了，所以还有很多地方需要添加的
欢迎各位大佬对此代码进行优化！
总结
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