Bootstrap中怎么使用Toasts组件?(示例讲解)
1 吐司消息(Toasts)示例
吐司(Toasts)是一种轻量级通知,旨在模仿移动和桌面操作系统已经普及的推送通知。它们是用flexbox构建的,所以它们很容易对齐和定位。【相关推荐:《bootstrap教程》】
和弹出提示一样,吐司消息也需要自己初始化,不知为什么官网的初始化方法无效,我在国外网站找到一个可行的方法。
<!doctype html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="keywords" content=""> <meta name="description" content=""> <link href="../bootstrap5/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <title>Popovers</title> </head> <body> <div> <br><br><br><br> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" id="liveToastBtn">显示吐司消息</button> <div class="position-fixed bottom-0 end-0 p-3" style="z-index: 5"> <div id="liveToast" class="toast hide" data-bs-animation="false" role="alert" aria-live="assertive" aria-atomic="true"> <div> <strong>吐司消息提示</strong> <small>11 mins ago</small> <button type="button" data-bs-dismiss="toast" aria-label="Close"></button> </div> <div> 你有一条短消息! </div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="../bootstrap5/bootstrap.bundle.min.js" ></script> <script> document.querySelector("#liveToastBtn").onclick = function() { new bootstrap.Toast(document.querySelector('.toast')).show(); } </script> </body> </html>
2 设置选项
选项可以透过数据属性或是JavaScript传递。对于数据属性,将选项名称附加到data-bs-,如:data-bs-animation=""。
- data-bs-animation="true" 在吐司应用CSS fade转换效果
- data-bs-autohide="true" 自动将吐司隐藏
- data-bs-delay="5000" ,延迟隐藏吐司5s(默认单位毫秒)
以上值为默认值,如果你对磨人的效果满意,根本不需要写那个,27.3.1例子中,我设置了data-bs-autohide="false"设置不自动将吐司隐藏,这样好方便截图,否则鼠标只要在任何地方一点,消息框就消失了。
3 半透明的
吐司也可以是半透明的,因此能混合在它们可能出现的任何东西上。在支持CSS属性backdrop-filter的浏览器,还会尝试对吐司下方的元素进行模糊效果。
<!doctype html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="keywords" content=""> <meta name="description" content=""> <link href="../bootstrap5/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <title>吐司消息</title> </head> <body> <div> <br><br><br><br> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" id="liveToastBtn">显示吐司消息</button> <div role="alert" aria-live="assertive" aria-atomic="true"> <div> <strong>半透明吐司</strong> <small>11 mins ago</small> <button type="button" data-bs-dismiss="toast" aria-label="Close"></button> </div> <div> 你有一条短消息! </div> </div> </div> <script src="../bootstrap5/bootstrap.bundle.min.js" ></script> <script> document.querySelector("#liveToastBtn").onclick = function() { new bootstrap.Toast(document.querySelector('.toast')).show(); } </script> </body> </html>
4 堆叠
可以透过将吐司包装于toast-container
容器来推叠它们,这将会在垂直方向上增加一些间距。
<!doctype html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="keywords" content=""> <meta name="description" content=""> <link href="../bootstrap5/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <title>吐司消息</title> </head> <body> <div> <br><br><br><br> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" id="liveToastBtn1">显示吐司消息1</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" id="liveToastBtn2">显示吐司消息2</button> <div> <div id="toast1" role="alert" aria-live="assertive" aria-atomic="true"> <div> <strong>吐司消息</strong> <small>刚刚发送</small> <button type="button" data-bs-dismiss="toast" aria-label="Close"></button> </div> <div> 第一条消息 </div> </div> <div id="toast2" role="alert" aria-live="assertive" aria-atomic="true"> <div> <strong>吐司消息</strong> <small>2分钟前</small> <button type="button" data-bs-dismiss="toast" aria-label="Close"></button> </div> <div> 第二条消息 </div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="../bootstrap5/bootstrap.bundle.min.js" ></script> <script> document.querySelector("#liveToastBtn1").onclick = function() { new bootstrap.Toast(document.querySelector('#toast1')).show(); } document.querySelector("#liveToastBtn2").onclick = function() { new bootstrap.Toast(document.querySelector('#toast2')).show(); } </script> </body> </html>
5 自定义内容
透过移除子元件、调整通用类或是增加标记以自定义吐司。
<!doctype html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="keywords" content=""> <meta name="description" content=""> <link href="../bootstrap5/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <title>吐司消息</title> </head> <body> <div> <br><br><br><br> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" id="liveToastBtn">显示吐司消息</button> <div role="alert" aria-live="assertive" aria-atomic="true"> <div> 邀请你穿越到三国! <div class="mt-2 pt-2 border-top"> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary btn-sm">接受邀请</button> <button type="button" class="btn btn-secondary btn-sm" data-bs-dismiss="toast">关闭</button> </div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="../bootstrap5/bootstrap.bundle.min.js" ></script> <script> document.querySelector("#liveToastBtn").onclick = function() { new bootstrap.Toast(document.querySelector('.toast')).show(); } </script> </body> </html>
6 配色方案
基于以上的示例,您也可以透过我们的颜色通用类别建立不同的吐司配色方案。以下我们将bg-danger与text-white添加到toast,再把text-white添加到关闭按钮上。为了让边缘清晰显示,透过border-0移除了预设的边框。
<!doctype html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="keywords" content=""> <meta name="description" content=""> <link href="../bootstrap5/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <title>吐司消息</title> </head> <body> <div> <br><br><br><br> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" id="liveToastBtn">显示吐司消息</button> <div class="toast align-items-center text-white bg-danger border-0" role="alert" aria-live="assertive" aria-atomic="true"> <div> <div> 这里是红色背景的 </div> <button type="button" class="btn-close btn-close-white me-2 m-auto" data-bs-dismiss="toast" aria-label="Close"></button> </div> </div> </div> <script src="../bootstrap5/bootstrap.bundle.min.js" ></script> <script> document.querySelector("#liveToastBtn").onclick = function() { new bootstrap.Toast(document.querySelector('.toast')).show(); } </script> </body> </html>
7 设置显示位置
默认吐司消息显示在浏览器右下角,根据需求,使用自定义的CSS指定吐司位置。右上角通常用于通知,顶部的中间也是如此。如果您一次只要展示一个吐司,请将定位样式放在toast上。
<form> <div class="mb-3"> <label for="selectToastPlacement">Toast placement</label> <select class="form-select mt-2" id="selectToastPlacement"> <option value="" selected>Select a position...</option> <option value="top-0 start-0">Top left</option> <option value="top-0 start-50 translate-middle-x">Top center</option> <option value="top-0 end-0">Top right</option> <option value="top-50 start-0 translate-middle-y">Middle left</option> <option value="top-50 start-50 translate-middle">Middle center</option> <option value="top-50 end-0 translate-middle-y">Middle right</option> <option value="bottom-0 start-0">Bottom left</option> <option value="bottom-0 start-50 translate-middle-x">Bottom center</option> <option value="bottom-0 end-0">Bottom right</option> </select> </div> </form> <div aria-live="polite" aria-atomic="true" class="bg-dark position-relative bd-example-toasts"> <div class="toast-container position-absolute p-3" id="toastPlacement"> <div class="toast"> <div class="toast-header"> <img src="..." class="rounded me-2" alt="..."> <strong class="me-auto">Bootstrap</strong> <small>11 mins ago</small> </div> <div class="toast-body"> Hello, world! This is a toast message. </div> </div> </div> </div>
上面是官方例子,Bootstrap5 Toasts我也没找到其中驱动的js代码。不过可以给大家参考一下,有兴趣的可以去研究一下,在这里我根据上面的代码,修改了个显示在左上角的。
<!doctype html> <html> <head> <meta charset="utf-8"> <meta name="viewport" content="width=device-width, initial-scale=1"> <meta name="keywords" content=""> <meta name="description" content=""> <link href="../bootstrap5/bootstrap.min.css" rel="stylesheet"> <title>吐司消息</title> </head> <body> <div> <br><br><br><br> <button type="button" class="btn btn-primary" id="liveToastBtn">显示吐司消息</button> <div class="position-fixed top-0 start-0 p-3" style="z-index: 5"> <div id="liveToast" class="toast hide" data-bs-animation="false" role="alert" aria-live="assertive" aria-atomic="true"> <div> <strong>吐司消息提示</strong> <small>11 mins ago</small> <button type="button" data-bs-dismiss="toast" aria-label="Close"></button> </div> <div> 你有一条短消息! </div> </div> </div> </div> <script src="../bootstrap5/bootstrap.bundle.min.js" ></script> <script> document.querySelector("#liveToastBtn").onclick = function() { new bootstrap.Toast(document.querySelector('.toast')).show(); } </script> </body> </html>
更多关于bootstrap的相关知识,可访问:bootstrap基础教程!!
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