SpringBoot 如何从配置文件读取值到对象中

编辑: admin 分类: java 发布时间: 2021-12-03 来源:互联网
目录
  • 一、实现方式
    • @ConfigurationProperties 注解
    • @Valid注解
  • 二、两者区别
    • 三、代码演示
      • 四、@PropertySource 读取指定配置文件
        • 五、@ImportResource:导入Spring配置文件
          • 六、思维导图

            一、实现方式

            @ConfigurationProperties 注解

            (最好加上前缀prefix=“person”,标明是和配置文件中哪个开头的属性匹配)

            推荐使用用在类上,从配置文件读取属性值,放到对象里面,复杂的结构也适用例如map,list,对象。支持校验:@Validated

            @Valid注解

            用在属性上,需要每个属性逐个绑定通过@value注解获取配置文件的值,不适合做复杂类型(map,list ,对象)值得获取不支持@Validated

            二、两者区别

            在这里插入图片描述

            三、代码演示

            使用@ConfigurationProperties注解

            package com.wx.springboot20190911.demo.model;
            import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
            import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
            import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
            import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;
            import javax.validation.constraints.Email;
            import java.util.Date;
            import java.util.List;
            import java.util.Map;
            /**
             * 1.ConfigurationProperties注解 从配置文件读取属性值,放到对象里面
             * 2.通过@value注解获取配置文件的值
             */
            @Component//perosn 需要纳入spring ioc 容器里
            @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")//使用前缀标明具体的属性
            @Validated
            public class Person {
                @Email
                String email;
                String hello;
                String name;
                int age;
                boolean boss;
                Date birth;
                Map<String,String> maps;
                List<String> list;
                Dog dog;
                @Override
                public String toString() {
                    return "Person{" +
                            "email='" + email + '\'' +
                            ", hello='" + hello + '\'' +
                            ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                            ", age=" + age +
                            ", boss=" + boss +
                            ", birth=" + birth +
                            ", maps=" + maps +
                            ", list=" + list +
                            ", dog=" + dog +
                            '}';
                }
                public String getEmail() {
                    return email;
                }
                public void setEmail(String email) {
                    this.email = email;
                }
                public String getHello() {
                    return hello;
                }
                public void setHello(String hello) {
                    this.hello = hello;
                }
                public Dog getDog() {
                    return dog;
                }
                public void setDog(Dog dog) {
                    this.dog = dog;
                }
                public String getName() {
                    return name;
                }
                public void setName(String name) {
                    this.name = name;
                }
                public int getAge() {
                    return age;
                }
                public void setAge(int age) {
                    this.age = age;
                }
                public boolean isBoss() {
                    return boss;
                }
                public void setBoss(boolean boss) {
                    this.boss = boss;
                }
                public Date getBirth() {
                    return birth;
                }
                public void setBirth(Date birth) {
                    this.birth = birth;
                }
                public Map<String, String> getMaps() {
                    return maps;
                }
                public void setMaps(Map<String, String> maps) {
                    this.maps = maps;
                }
                public List<String> getList() {
                    return list;
                }
                public void setList(List<String> list) {
                    this.list = list;
                }
            }
            package com.wx.springboot20190911.demo.model;
            public class Dog {
                String name;
                String color;
                int age;
                public String getName() {
                    return name;
                }
                public void setName(String name) {
                    this.name = name;
                }
                public String getColor() {
                    return color;
                }
                public void setColor(String color) {
                    this.color = color;
                }
                public int getAge() {
                    return age;
                }
                public void setAge(int age) {
                    this.age = age;
                }
                @Override
                public String toString() {
                    return "Dog{" +
                            "name='" + name + '\'' +
                            ", color='" + color + '\'' +
                            ", age=" + age +
                            '}';
                }
            }
            

            使用@Value注解

            package com.wx.springboot20190911.demo.model;
            import org.springframework.beans.factory.annotation.Value;
            import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
            import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
            import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;
            import javax.validation.Valid;
            import javax.validation.constraints.Email;
            import java.util.Date;
            import java.util.List;
            import java.util.Map;
            /**
             * 1.ConfigurationProperties注解 从配置文件读取属性值,放到对象里面,推荐使用,复杂的结构也适用例如map,list对象,
             * 支持 校验@Validated
             * 2.通过@value注解获取配置文件的值,不适合做复杂类型值得获取,不支持@Validated,支持
             */
            @Component//perosn 需要纳入spring ioc 容器里
            //@ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")
            @Validated
            public class Person1 {
                @Email
                @Value("${person1.email}")
                String email;
                @Value("${person1.hello}")
                String hello;
                @Value("${person1.name}")
                String name;
                @Value("#{12*3}")//支持计算
                int age;
                @Value("${person1.boss}")
                boolean boss;
                @Value("${person1.birth}")
                Date birth;
                Map<String,String> maps;
                List<String> list;
                Dog dog;
                public String getHello() {
                    return hello;
                }
                public void setHello(String hello) {
                    this.hello = hello;
                }
                public Dog getDog() {
                    return dog;
                }
                public void setDog(Dog dog) {
                    this.dog = dog;
                }
                public String getName() {
                    return name;
                }
                public void setName(String name) {
                    this.name = name;
                }
                public int getAge() {
                    return age;
                }
                public void setAge(int age) {
                    this.age = age;
                }
                public boolean isBoss() {
                    return boss;
                }
                public void setBoss(boolean boss) {
                    this.boss = boss;
                }
                public Date getBirth() {
                    return birth;
                }
                public void setBirth(Date birth) {
                    this.birth = birth;
                }
                public Map<String, String> getMaps() {
                    return maps;
                }
                public void setMaps(Map<String, String> maps) {
                    this.maps = maps;
                }
                public List<String> getList() {
                    return list;
                }
                public void setList(List<String> list) {
                    this.list = list;
                }
                public String getEmail() {
                    return email;
                }
                public void setEmail(String email) {
                    this.email = email;
                }
                @Override
                public String toString() {
                    return "Person1{" +
                            "email='" + email + '\'' +
                            ", hello='" + hello + '\'' +
                            ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                            ", age=" + age +
                            ", boss=" + boss +
                            ", birth=" + birth +
                            ", maps=" + maps +
                            ", list=" + list +
                            ", dog=" + dog +
                            '}';
                }
            }
            

            配置类(application.properties)代码

            person.hello=luck
            person.name=吴
            #乱码的话 就setting设置下file encoding
            person.list=ww,xx,rr
            person.maps.k1=v1
            person.maps.k2=v2
            person.dog.name=cat
            person.dog.color=red
            person.dog.age=1
            person.age=12
            person.birth=2019/01/11
            person.boss=false
            person.email=www@qq.com
            person1.hello=luck
            person1.name=吴
            #乱码的话 就setting设置下file encoding
            person1.list=ww,xx,rr
            person1.age=12
            person1.birth=2019/01/11
            person1.boss=false
            person1.email=www
            

            配置类(application.yml)代码:这种方式更加结构化

            person:
              name: 霞
              age: 16
              boss : false
              birth: 2012/09/12
              maps: {k1: v1,k2: v2}
              list: [dog,cat ,house,rabbits]
              dog:
                name: ${person.hello}
                age: ${random.int(10)}
                color: white
              hello: yula
            

            打印结果:使用第一种方式时,如果email不是"www@qq.com"这种格式,是不能运行成功的,但是使用@Value 不会校验,如下面是"www",一样能运行成功

            Person{email='www@qq.com', hello='luck', name='吴', age=12, boss=false, birth=Fri Jan 11 00:00:00 CST 2019, maps={k1=v1, k2=v2}, list=[ww, xx, rr], dog=Dog{name='cat', color='red', age=1}}

            Person1{email='www', hello='luck', name='吴', age=36, boss=false, birth=Fri Jan 11 00:00:00 CST 2019, maps=null, list=null, dog=null}

            四、@PropertySource 读取指定配置文件

            package com.wx.springboot20190911.demo.model;
            import org.springframework.boot.context.properties.ConfigurationProperties;
            import org.springframework.context.annotation.PropertySource;
            import org.springframework.stereotype.Component;
            import org.springframework.validation.annotation.Validated;
            import javax.validation.constraints.Email;
            import java.util.Date;
            import java.util.List;
            import java.util.Map;
            /**
             * 1.ConfigurationProperties注解 从配置文件读取属性值,放到对象里面
             * 2.通过@value注解获取配置文件的值
             */
            @PropertySource(value={"classpath:person.properties"})//指定读取person.properties配置文件
            @Component//perosn 需要纳入spring ioc 容器里
            @ConfigurationProperties(prefix = "person")//使用前缀标明具体的属性
            @Validated
            public class Person2 {
                @Email
                String email;
                String hello;
                String name;
                int age;
                boolean boss;
                Date birth;
                Map<String,String> maps;
                List<String> list;
                Dog dog;
                @Override
                public String toString() {
                    return "Person{" +
                            "email='" + email + '\'' +
                            ", hello='" + hello + '\'' +
                            ", name='" + name + '\'' +
                            ", age=" + age +
                            ", boss=" + boss +
                            ", birth=" + birth +
                            ", maps=" + maps +
                            ", list=" + list +
                            ", dog=" + dog +
                            '}';
                }
                public String getEmail() {
                    return email;
                }
                public void setEmail(String email) {
                    this.email = email;
                }
                public String getHello() {
                    return hello;
                }
                public void setHello(String hello) {
                    this.hello = hello;
                }
                public Dog getDog() {
                    return dog;
                }
                public void setDog(Dog dog) {
                    this.dog = dog;
                }
                public String getName() {
                    return name;
                }
                public void setName(String name) {
                    this.name = name;
                }
                public int getAge() {
                    return age;
                }
                public void setAge(int age) {
                    this.age = age;
                }
                public boolean isBoss() {
                    return boss;
                }
                public void setBoss(boolean boss) {
                    this.boss = boss;
                }
                public Date getBirth() {
                    return birth;
                }
                public void setBirth(Date birth) {
                    this.birth = birth;
                }
                public Map<String, String> getMaps() {
                    return maps;
                }
                public void setMaps(Map<String, String> maps) {
                    this.maps = maps;
                }
                public List<String> getList() {
                    return list;
                }
                public void setList(List<String> list) {
                    this.list = list;
                }
            }
            

            这里虽然指定了读取person.properties配置文件,但是由于prefix=“person”,导致还是读取了application.properties配置文件,因为application.properties权限最高,要想读取person.properties配置文件,就得改前缀名,例如改成prefix=“person2” person.properties配置文件的内容如下:

            在这里插入图片描述

            没改前缀名的结果演示:

            Person{email='www@qq.com', hello='luck', name='吴', age=12, boss=false, birth=Fri Jan 11 00:00:00 CST 2019, maps={k1=v1, k2=v2}, list=[ww, xx, rr], dog=Dog{name='cat', color='red', age=1}}

            Person1{email='www', hello='luck', name='吴', age=36, boss=false, birth=Fri Jan 11 00:00:00 CST 2019, maps=null, list=null, dog=null}

            Person{email='www@qq.com', hello='luck', name='吴', age=12, boss=false, birth=Fri Jan 11 00:00:00 CST 2019, maps={k1=v1, k2=v2}, list=[ww, xx, rr], dog=Dog{name='cat', color='red', age=1}}

            改前缀名的代码演示:

            在这里插入图片描述 在这里插入图片描述

            改了前缀名的结果演示:这时候读取的就是指定的配置文件的值

            Person{email='www@qq.com', hello='luck', name='吴', age=12, boss=false, birth=Fri Jan 11 00:00:00 CST 2019, maps={k1=v1, k2=v2}, list=[ww, xx, rr], dog=Dog{name='cat', color='red', age=1}}

            Person1{email='www', hello='luck', name='吴', age=36, boss=false, birth=Fri Jan 11 00:00:00 CST 2019, maps=null, list=null, dog=null}

            Person{email='12345@qq.com', hello='springboot', name='指定读取配置文件', age=12, boss=false, birth=Wed Sep 11 00:00:00 CST 2019, maps={k2=v2, k1=v1}, list=[@Value, @PropertySource], dog=Dog{name='cat', color='red', age=1}}

            注:只能读取 .properties 文件,无法读取 .yml 文件

            五、@ImportResource:导入Spring配置文件

            让配置文件里面的内容生效

            Springboot 里没有Spring 的配置文件,我们自己编写的配置文件,也不能自动识别;

            想让Spring的配置文件生效,加载进来,需使用该注解

            写一个Person3 类,如图所示:

            在这里插入图片描述

            自定义一个Spring配置文件,如图所示:

            在这里插入图片描述

            在启动类上注解

            在这里插入图片描述

            测试:自定义的这个配置文件是否生效

            在这里插入图片描述

            演示结果:生效了

            2019-09-11 22:15:12.247 INFO 7824 --- [ main] c.w.s.demo.DemoApplicationTests : Started DemoApplicationTests in 8.558 seconds (JVM running for 10.882)

            Person{email='null', hello='null', name='null', age=0, boss=false, birth=null, maps=null, list=null, dog=null}

            六、思维导图

            在这里插入图片描述

            以上为个人经验,希望能给大家一个参考,也希望大家多多支持自由互联。

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