Java多线程之Worker Thread模式

编辑: admin 分类: java 发布时间: 2021-12-03 来源:互联网
目录
  • 一.Worker Thread模式
  • 二   .Worker Thread模式中的角色
    • 1.Client(委托者)
    • 2.Channel(通信线路)
    • 3.Worker(工人)
    • 4.Request(请求)
  • 三.Worker Thread使用场景
    • 四.Worker Thread模式程序示例

      一.Worker Thread模式

      Worker的意思是工作的人,在Worker Thread模式中,工人线程Worker thread会逐个取回工作并进行处理,当所有工作全部完成后,工人线程会等待新的工作到来。

      Worker Thread模式也被成为Background Thread(背景线程)模式,另外,如果从保存多个工人线程的场所这一点看,我们也可以称这种模式为Thread Pool模式。

      二   .Worker Thread模式中的角色

      1.Client(委托者)

      创建表示工作请求的Request并将其传递给Channel。在示例程序中,ClientThread相当于该角色。

      2.Channel(通信线路)

      Channel角色接受来自于ClientRequest,并将其传递给Worker。在示例程序中,Channel相当于该角色。

      3.Worker(工人)

      Worker角色从Channel中获取Request,并进行工作,当一项工作完成后,它会继续去获取另外的Request,在示例程序中,WorkerThread相当于该角色。

      4.Request(请求)

      Request角色是表示工作的角色,Request角色中保存了进行工作所必须的信息,在示例程序中,Request相当于该角色。

      三.Worker Thread使用场景

      想象一个场景,一个工厂在生产玩具,在一个车间里,有几个工人,每次生产部件准备好车间外的人就将部件放到车间的一个桌子上,工人每次做完一个玩具就从桌子上取部件。在这里,注意到,部件并不是直接交给工人的,另外一点,工人并不是做完一个部件就回家换个新人,后者在现实有点滑稽,但是在程序中却对应一个典型的线程使用方法:线程池。

      所谓线程池,就是对线程的复用,当线程执行完任务之后就继续取其他任务执行,而不是销毁启动新线程执行其他任务。因为线程的启动对于系统性能开销比较大,所以这样对于系统性能的提高很有好处。

      四.Worker Thread模式程序示例

      首先是请求,即玩具的部件

      public class Request {
      
          private final String name;
          private final int number;
      
          public Request(String name, int number) {
              this.name = name;
              this.number = number;
          }
      
          public void execute(){
              System.out.println(Thread.currentThread().getName()+" executed "+this);
          }
          @Override
          public String toString() {
              return "Request=> " + "No." + number + "  Name." + name;
          }
      }
      
      

      也就是拥有namenumber并且execute的时候打印出字段的一个简单类。

      ClientThread,负责将请求放入RequestQueue中,即将部件放到桌子上。

      public class ClientThread extends Thread {
      
          private static final Random random = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis());
      
          private final Channel channel;
      
          public ClientThread(String name, Channel channel) {
              super(name);
              this.channel = channel;
          }
      
          @Override
          public void run() {
              try {
      
                  for (int i = 0; true; i++) {
                      Request request = new Request(getName(),i);
                      this.channel.put(request);
                      Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(1_000));
                  }
              } catch (Exception e) {
      
              }
          }
      }
      
      

      Channel类,可以当做车间

      public class Channel {
      
          private final static int MAX_REQUEST = 100;
      
          private final Request[] requestQueue;
          private final WorkerThread[] workerPool;
          private int head;
          private int tail;
          private int count;
      
          public Channel(int workers) {
      
              this.requestQueue = new Request[MAX_REQUEST];
              this.head = 0;
              this.tail = 0;
              this.count = 0;
              this.workerPool = new WorkerThread[workers];
              this.init();
          }
      
          private void init() {
              for (int i = 0; i < workerPool.length; i++) {
                  workerPool[i] = new WorkerThread("Worker-" + i, this);
              }
          }
      
          /**
           * push switch to start all of worker to work
           */
          public void startWorker() {
              Arrays.asList(workerPool).forEach(WorkerThread::start);
      
      //        List<WorkerThread> workerThreads = Arrays.asList(workerPool);
      //
      //        workerThreads.stream().forEach(WorkerThread::start);
          }
      
          public synchronized void put(Request request) {
              while (count >= requestQueue.length) {
                  try {
                      this.wait();
                  } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                      e.printStackTrace();
                  }
              }
              this.requestQueue[tail] = request;
              this.tail = (tail + 1) % requestQueue.length;
              this.count++;
              this.notifyAll();
          }
      
          public synchronized Request take() {
              while (count <= 0) {
                  try {
                      this.wait();
                  } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                      e.printStackTrace();
                  }
              }
              Request request = this.requestQueue[head];
              this.head = (this.head + 1) % this.requestQueue.length;
              this.count--;
              this.notifyAll();
              return request;
          }
      }
      
      

      Requestqueue可以当做桌子,是一个数量有限的请求队列。threadPool是一个工人线程的数组,这就是一个线程池。在这里提供了putRequesttakeRequest方法,分别是往请求队列放入请求和取出请,这里使用了上一篇博文讲到的生产者消费者模式 java多线程设计模式之消费者生产者模式。确保了WorkerThreadClientThread之间可以友好合作。

      工人线程:

      public class WorkerThread extends Thread {
      
          private static final Random random = new Random(System.currentTimeMillis());
          private final Channel channel;
      
          public WorkerThread(String name, Channel channel) {
              super(name);
              this.channel = channel;
          }
      
          @Override
          public void run() {
              while (true) {
                  channel.take().execute();
      
                  try {
                      Thread.sleep(random.nextInt(1_000));
                  } catch (InterruptedException e) {
                      e.printStackTrace();
                  }
              }
          }
      }
      
      

      这里就是一个不断从请求队列中取出请求然后执行请求的过程,保证了工人线程的复用,并不会执行完一个请求任务就销毁。

      最后是Main:

      public class WorkerClient {
      
          public static void main(String[] args) {
              final Channel channel = new Channel(5);
              channel.startWorker();
      
              new ClientThread("Alex", channel).start();
              new ClientThread("Jack", channel).start();
              new ClientThread("William", channel).start();
          }
      }
      
      

      结果:

      Worker-4 executed Request=> No.0  Name.Alex
      Worker-2 executed Request=> No.0  Name.Jack
      Worker-3 executed Request=> No.0  Name.William
      Worker-4 executed Request=> No.1  Name.Jack
      Worker-0 executed Request=> No.1  Name.William
      Worker-3 executed Request=> No.2  Name.Jack
      Worker-2 executed Request=> No.1  Name.Alex
      Worker-4 executed Request=> No.2  Name.William
      Worker-1 executed Request=> No.3  Name.Jack
      Worker-3 executed Request=> No.2  Name.Alex
      Worker-4 executed Request=> No.3  Name.William
      Worker-0 executed Request=> No.4  Name.Jack
      Worker-0 executed Request=> No.3  Name.Alex
      Worker-1 executed Request=> No.5  Name.Jack
      Worker-3 executed Request=> No.4  Name.William
      Worker-1 executed Request=> No.6  Name.Jack
      Worker-2 executed Request=> No.4  Name.Alex
      Worker-3 executed Request=> No.7  Name.Jack
      Worker-0 executed Request=> No.5  Name.William
      Worker-1 executed Request=> No.5  Name.Alex
      Worker-4 executed Request=> No.8  Name.Jack
      Worker-2 executed Request=> No.6  Name.Alex
      Worker-0 executed Request=> No.7  Name.Alex
      Worker-4 executed Request=> No.8  Name.Alex
      Worker-2 executed Request=> No.6  Name.William
      省略...

      可以看出线程执行任务的线程就是WorkerThread1,2,3,4,5五个,它们不断执行来自ClientThread Alex,Jack,William的请求任务。

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