Python画图小案例之小雪人超详细源码注释
一步步教你怎么用Python画雪人，进一步熟悉Python的基础画图操作，废话不多说，上代码。
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class Shape: # 基类(雪人各部件（形状）共有的属性)
def __init__(self, cvns, points, fill): # 构造方法 画布 位置坐标 颜色
self.cvns = cvns # 画布
self.points = points # 坐标（x1, y1, x2, y2）
self.fill = fill
self.pid = None # 当前图形的id
def delete(self): # 删除图形
if self.pid:
self.cvns.delete(self.pid)
class ShapeAngles(Shape): # 继承基类(增加了角度）)
def __init__(self, cvns, points, fill, angles=(10, 170)): # angles:角度值,带默认参数
super(ShapeAngles, self).__init__(cvns, points, fill) # 调用基类构造: cvns,points,fill
self.angles = {'start':angles[0], 'extent':angles[1]} # 构造自己的属性：angles
class HatTop(Shape): # 帽子顶部
def draw(self):
# self.pid = self.cvns.create_oval(self.points, fill='white') # 椭圆形
self.pid = self.cvns.create_oval(self.points, fill=self.fill) # 椭圆形
class HatBottom(Shape): # 帽子底部
def draw(self):
self.pid = self.cvns.create_polygon(self.points) # 绘多边形的方法
class Hat: # 帽子整体（组合顶部和底部）
def __init__(self, cvns, start_point, fill, w, h): # w,h是帽子的宽、高
self.cvns = cvns # 初始化
self.start_point = start_point
self.w = w
self.fill = fill
self.h = h
self.ht = HatTop(self.cvns, self.ht_cacu(), fill=self.fill) # 实例化顶部
self.hb = HatBottom(self.cvns, self.hb_cacu(), self.fill) # 实例化底部
def draw(self): # 绘制
self.ht.draw() # 调用顶部方法绘制
self.hb.draw() # 调用底部方法绘制
def delete(self):
self.ht.delete()
# self.hb.delete()
def ht_cacu(self): # 计算顶部坐标
r = self.h / 3 / 2
x1 = self.start_point[0] + self.w / 2 - r
y1 = self.start_point[1] + 20 - r
x2 = x1 + 2 * r
y2 = y1 + 2 * r
return x1, y1, x2, y2
def hb_cacu(self): # 计算底部坐标(三角形的三个点的坐标)
x1 = self.start_point[0] + self.w / 2
y1 = self.start_point[1] + self.h / 3
x2 = self.start_point[0] + self.w / 3
y2 = self.start_point[1] + self.h + 13
x3 = self.start_point[0] + self.w / 3 * 2
y3 = y2
return x1, y1, x2, y2, x3, y3
class Sense(ShapeAngles): # 五官(眼、口扇形图形)
def draw(self):
self.pid = self.cvns.create_arc(*self.points, **self.angles, fill='red') # 绘制弧线
class Face(HatTop): # 脸
pass
class Head: # 头部
def __init__(self, cvns, start_point, fill, w, h): # 此处的w,h是头的
self.cvns = cvns
self.start_point = start_point
self.fill = fill
self.w = w
self.h = h
eye0_points = self.eye0_cacu() # 眼睛1坐标
dx = self.h / 3 + self.h / 9
eye1_points = (eye0_points[0] + dx, eye0_points[1], # 眼睛2坐标
eye0_points[2] + dx, eye0_points[3])
self.face = Face(self.cvns, self.face_cacu(), self.fill) # 脸：带参数的实例
self.eye0 = Sense(self.cvns, eye0_points, fill='blue') # 眼1：带参数的实例
self.eye1 = Sense(self.cvns, eye1_points, self.fill) # 眼2：带参数的实例
self.mouth = Sense(self.cvns, self.mouth_cacu(), (-10, -170)) # 口：带参数的实例
def draw(self):
# 绘制脸部各部位
self.face.draw()
self.eye0.draw()
self.eye1.draw()
self.mouth.draw()
def face_cacu(self): # 脸坐标计算
x1 = self.start_point[0] + (self.w - self.h) / 2
y1 = self.start_point[1]
x2 = x1 + self.h
y2 = y1 + self.h
return x1, y1, x2, y2
def eye0_cacu(self): # 眼0坐标计算
left_point = (self.start_point[0] + (self.w - self.h) / 2 - 5, self.start_point[1])
x1 = left_point[0] + self.h / 6
y1 = left_point[1] + self.h / 3
x2 = x1 + self.h / 3
y2 = left_point[1] + self.h / 2
return x1, y1, x2, y2
def mouth_cacu(self): # 口坐标计算
left_point = (self.start_point[0] + (self.w - self.h) / 2, self.start_point[1])
x1 = left_point[0] + self.h / 3
y1 = left_point[1] + 2 * self.h / 3 + 25 # +25后口的位置靠下，并且图形更大了
x2 = x1 + self.h / 3
y2 = left_point[1] + self.h / 2
return x1, y1, x2, y2
class hand(HatTop): # 手
pass
class BodyOutline(HatTop): # 身体轮廓，因没有特别的形状，继承了基类，类体为空
pass
class Button(HatTop): # 钮扣
pass
class Body: # 身体
def __init__(self, cvns, start_point, fill, w, h):
self.cvns = cvns
self.start_point = start_point
self.w = w
self.h = h
self.fill = fill
self._button_size = 10 # 钮扣的大小
self.buttons = []
self.bo = BodyOutline(self.cvns, self.body_cacu(), self.fill) # 身体轮廓实例
# self.hd = hand(self.cvns, (15, 500, 45, 240), self.fill) # 左手轮廓实例,坐标为矩形的两个对角顶点的坐标为准画的圆/椭圆
self.hd = hand(self.cvns, self.bd_cacu(0), self.fill) # 左手轮廓实例,坐标为矩形的两个对角顶点的坐标为准画的圆/椭圆
self.hd2 = hand(self.cvns, self.bd_cacu(self.w), self.fill) # 右手
for pnts in self.all_button_points():
self.buttons.append(Button(self.cvns, pnts, self.fill))
def bd_cacu(self, w): # 计算手的坐标
x1 = 15 + w
y1 = self.start_point[1] + self.h / 2
x2 = x1 + 30
y2 = y1 - 26 * self._button_size
return x1, y1, x2, y2
def draw(self):
self.bo.draw() # 身体绘制
self.hd.draw() # 手1绘制
self.hd2.draw() # 手2绘制
for bttn in self.buttons: # 各钮扣绘制
bttn.draw()
def body_cacu(self): # 计算身体轮廓坐标
x1, y1 = self.start_point
x2 = x1 + self.w
y2 = y1 + self.h
return x1, y1, x2, y2
def button0_cacu(self): # 计算第0个钮扣的坐标
x1 = self.start_point[0] + self.w / 2 - self._button_size
y1 = self.start_point[1] + self.h / 5 - self._button_size
x2 = x1 + 2 * self._button_size # 2决定钮扣的园形形状
y2 = y1 + 2 * self._button_size
return x1, y1, x2, y2
def move_dy(self, points, size): # 钮扣移动的方法
y1 = points[1] + size
y2 = points[3] + size
return points[0], y1, points[2], y2
def all_button_points(self): # 绘制每个钮扣的坐标
b0_points = self.button0_cacu()
size = self.h / 6 # 身高/钮扣数+1
points = [] # 列表
for i in range(5): # 钮扣的个数
points.append(self.move_dy(b0_points, i * size)) # 各钮扣的移动数据存入列表points
return points # 返回列表值
# def set_button_size(self, size):
# self._button_size = size
class Snow: # 组装成雪人
def __init__(self, cvns, points, fill, w=150, h=450): # points为雪人的坐标其与帽子坐标一致（见雪人图）
self.cvns = cvns
self.points = points
self.w = w
self.h = h
self.fill = fill
self.head = Head(self.cvns, (self.points[0], self.points[1] + self.h / 6), self.fill, self.w, self.h / 3) # 实例化头部
self.body = Body(self.cvns, (self.points[0], self.points[1] + self.h / 2), self.fill, self.w, self.h / 2) # 实例化身体
self.fill = 'red' # 帽子顶部颜色
self.hat = Hat(self.cvns, self.points, self.fill, self.w, self.h / 6) # 绘帽子 # 实例化帽子
def draw(self):
self.hat.draw() # 绘制帽子
self.head.draw() # 绘制头
self.body.draw() # 绘制身体
if __name__ == '__main__':
import tkinter
root = tkinter.Tk() # 建立根窗口
cvns = tkinter.Canvas(root, width=400, height=700, bg='white') # 调用画布
cvns.pack() # 将画布添加到窗口
snow = Snow(cvns, (30, 15), 'white', 320, 660) # 雪人的实例化（传入画布对象、起始坐标、宽、高）
snow = snow.draw() # 绘制
root.mainloop()
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