使用 python 实现单人AI 扫雷游戏
AI玩扫雷
很高兴又见面了！😊
扫雷是一款单人益智游戏，相信大部分人都在以前上微机课的时候玩过。游戏的目标是借助每个区域中相邻地雷数量的线索，清除包含隐藏的“地雷”或炸弹的单元格，但不引爆其中任何一个，全部清除后即可获胜。今天我们用 Python 完成这个小程序，并且用AI来学习并实现它。
看看我们将要实现的最终样子。👇
运行扫雷
1.确保安装了Python 3.6+。
2.安装Pygame。
3.克隆这个存储库：
GitHub地址：https://github.com/wanghao221/minesweeper
设置 minesweeper.py ⚓
扫雷游戏表示
class Minesweeper():
def __init__(self, height=8, width=8, mines=8):
# 设置初始宽度、高度和地雷数量
self.height = height
self.width = width
self.mines = set()
# 初始化一个没有地雷的空字段
self.board = []
for i in range(self.height):
row = []
for j in range(self.width):
row.append(False)
self.board.append(row)
# 随机添加地雷
while len(self.mines) != mines:
i = random.randrange(height)
j = random.randrange(width)
if not self.board[i][j]:
self.mines.add((i, j))
self.board[i][j] = True
# 最开始，玩家没有发现地雷
self.mines_found = set()
输出地雷所在位置的基于文本的表示
def print(self):
for i in range(self.height):
print("--" * self.width + "-")
for j in range(self.width):
if self.board[i][j]:
print("|X", end="")
else:
print("| ", end="")
print("|")
print("--" * self.width + "-")
def is_mine(self, cell):
i, j = cell
return self.board[i][j]
def nearby_mines(self, cell):
返回给定单元格的一行和一列内的地雷数，不包括单元格本身。
def nearby_mines(self, cell):
# 保持附近地雷的数量
count = 0
# 遍历一行和一列内的所有单元格
for i in range(cell[0] - 1, cell[0] + 2):
for j in range(cell[1] - 1, cell[1] + 2):
# 忽略单元格本身
if (i, j) == cell:
continue
# 如果单元格在边界内并且是地雷，则更新计数
if 0 <= i < self.height and 0 <= j < self.width:
if self.board[i][j]:
count += 1
return count
检查是否已标记所有地雷。
def won(self):
return self.mines_found == self.mines
关于扫雷游戏的逻辑语句
一个句子由一组棋盘单元和这些单元格的数量组成。
class Sentence():
def __init__(self, cells, count):
self.cells = set(cells)
self.count = count
def __eq__(self, other):
return self.cells == other.cells and self.count == other.count
def __str__(self):
return f"{self.cells} = {self.count}"
def known_mines(self):
返回 self.cells 中已知为地雷的所有单元格的集合。
def known_mines(self): if len(self.cells) == self.count: return self.cells
返回 self.cells 中已知安全的所有单元格的集合。
def known_safes(self): if self.count == 0: return self.cells
鉴于已知单元格是地雷，更新内部知识表示。
def mark_mine(self, cell): if cell in self.cells: self.cells.discard(cell) self.count -= 1
鉴于已知单元格是安全的，更新内部知识表示。
def mark_safe(self, cell):
if cell in self.cells:
self.cells.discard(cell)
扫雷游戏玩家
class MinesweeperAI():
def __init__(self, height=8, width=8):
# 设置初始高度和宽度
self.height = height
self.width = width
# 跟踪点击了哪些单元格
self.moves_made = set()
# 跟踪已知安全或地雷的细胞
self.mines = set()
self.safes = set()
# 关于已知为真游戏的句子列表
self.knowledge = []
将一个单元格标记为地雷，并更新所有知识以将该单元格也标记为地雷。
def mark_mine(self, cell):
self.mines.add(cell)
for sentence in self.knowledge:
sentence.mark_mine(cell)
将一个单元格标记为安全，并更新所有知识以将该单元格也标记为安全。
def mark_safe(self, cell):
self.safes.add(cell)
for sentence in self.knowledge:
sentence.mark_safe(cell)
用于获取所有附近的单元格
def nearby_cells(self, cell): cells = set() for i in range(cell[0] - 1, cell[0] + 2): for j in range(cell[1] - 1, cell[1] + 2): if (i, j) == cell: continue if 0 <= i < self.height and 0 <= j < self.width: cells.add((i, j)) return cells
当扫雷板告诉我们，对于给定的安全单元，有多少相邻单元中有地雷时调用。
这个功能应该：
1）将单元格标记为已进行的移动
2）将单元格标记为安全
3）根据 cell 和 count 的值在 AI 的知识库中添加一个新句子
4）如果可以根据 AI 的知识库得出结论，则将任何其他单元格标记为安全或地雷
5) 如果可以从现有知识中推断出任何新句子，则将其添加到 AI 的知识库中
def add_knowledge(self, cell, count):
self.moves_made.add(cell)
# 标记单元格安全
if cell not in self.safes:
self.mark_safe(cell)
# 获取所有附近的单元格
nearby = self.nearby_cells(cell)
nearby -= self.safes | self.moves_made
new_sentence = Sentence(nearby, count)
self.knowledge.append(new_sentence)
new_safes = set()
new_mines = set()
for sentence in self.knowledge:
if len(sentence.cells) == 0:
self.knowledge.remove(sentence)
else:
tmp_new_safes = sentence.known_safes()
tmp_new_mines = sentence.known_mines()
if type(tmp_new_safes) is set:
new_safes |= tmp_new_safes
if type(tmp_new_mines) is set:
new_mines |= tmp_new_mines
for safe in new_safes:
self.mark_safe(safe)
for mine in new_mines:
self.mark_mine(mine)
prev_sentence = new_sentence
new_inferences = []
for sentence in self.knowledge:
if len(sentence.cells) == 0:
self.knowledge.remove(sentence)
elif prev_sentence == sentence:
break
elif prev_sentence.cells <= sentence.cells:
inf_cells = sentence.cells - prev_sentence.cells
inf_count = sentence.count - prev_sentence.count
new_inferences.append(Sentence(inf_cells, inf_count))
prev_sentence = sentence
self.knowledge += new_inferences
def make_safe_move(self):
返回一个安全的单元格以在扫雷板上选择。必须知道该移动是安全的，而不是已经做出的移动。
该函数可以使用 self.mines、self.safes 和 self.moves_made 中的知识，但不应修改任何这些值。
def make_safe_move(self): safe_moves = self.safes.copy() safe_moves -= self.moves_made if len(safe_moves) == 0: return None return safe_moves.pop() def make_random_move(self):
返回在扫雷板上进行的移动。应该在以下单元格中随机选择：
1) 尚未被选中
2) 不知道是地雷
def make_random_move(self): if len(self.moves_made) == 56: return None random_move = random.randrange(self.height), random.randrange(self.height) not_safe_moves = self.moves_made | self.mines while random_move in not_safe_moves: random_move = random.randrange(self.height), random.randrange(self.height) return random_move
设置 runner.py 运行程序
颜色
BLACK = (0, 0, 0) GRAY = (180, 180, 180) WHITE = (255, 255, 255)
创建游戏
pygame.init() size = width, height = 600, 400 screen = pygame.display.set_mode(size)
字体
字体可以在自己电脑中C:\Windows\Fonts的位置选择自己喜欢的复制到项目中 assets/fonts目录下即可，我用的是楷体
OPEN_SANS = "assets/fonts/simkai.ttf" smallFont = pygame.font.Font(OPEN_SANS, 20) mediumFont = pygame.font.Font(OPEN_SANS, 28) largeFont = pygame.font.Font(OPEN_SANS, 40)
计算面板尺寸
BOARD_PADDING = 20 board_width = ((2 / 3) * width) - (BOARD_PADDING * 2) board_height = height - (BOARD_PADDING * 2) cell_size = int(min(board_width / WIDTH, board_height / HEIGHT)) board_origin = (BOARD_PADDING, BOARD_PADDING)
添加图片
这里我们只用了两张图，一个是地雷，一个是用来标记地雷的旗帜
flag = pygame.image.load("assets/images/flag.png")
flag = pygame.transform.scale(flag, (cell_size, cell_size))
mine = pygame.image.load("assets/images/mine.png")
mine = pygame.transform.scale(mine, (cell_size, cell_size))
创建游戏和 AI 代理
game = Minesweeper(height=HEIGHT, width=WIDTH, mines=MINES) ai = MinesweeperAI(height=HEIGHT, width=WIDTH)
跟踪显示的单元格、标记的单元格以及是否被地雷击中
revealed = set() flags = set() lost = False
最初显示游戏说明
instructions = True
while True:
# 检查游戏是否退出
for event in pygame.event.get():
if event.type == pygame.QUIT:
sys.exit()
screen.fill(BLACK)
# 显示游戏说明
if instructions:
# 标题
title = largeFont.render("海拥 | 扫雷", True, WHITE)
titleRect = title.get_rect()
titleRect.center = ((width / 2), 50)
screen.blit(title, titleRect)
# Rules
rules = [
"单击一个单元格以显示它",
"右键单击一个单元格以将其标记为地雷",
"成功标记所有地雷以获胜！"
]
for i, rule in enumerate(rules):
line = smallFont.render(rule, True, WHITE)
lineRect = line.get_rect()
lineRect.center = ((width / 2), 150 + 30 * i)
screen.blit(line, lineRect)
# 开始游戏按钮
buttonRect = pygame.Rect((width / 4), (3 / 4) * height, width / 2, 50)
buttonText = mediumFont.render("开始游戏", True, BLACK)
buttonTextRect = buttonText.get_rect()
buttonTextRect.center = buttonRect.center
pygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE, buttonRect)
screen.blit(buttonText, buttonTextRect)
# 检查是否点击播放按钮
click, _, _ = pygame.mouse.get_pressed()
if click == 1:
mouse = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
if buttonRect.collidepoint(mouse):
instructions = False
time.sleep(0.3)
pygame.display.flip()
continue
画板
cells = []
for i in range(HEIGHT):
row = []
for j in range(WIDTH):
# 为单元格绘制矩形
rect = pygame.Rect(
board_origin[0] + j * cell_size,
board_origin[1] + i * cell_size,
cell_size, cell_size
)
pygame.draw.rect(screen, GRAY, rect)
pygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE, rect, 3)
# 如果需要，添加地雷、旗帜或数字
if game.is_mine((i, j)) and lost:
screen.blit(mine, rect)
elif (i, j) in flags:
screen.blit(flag, rect)
elif (i, j) in revealed:
neighbors = smallFont.render(
str(game.nearby_mines((i, j))),
True, BLACK
)
neighborsTextRect = neighbors.get_rect()
neighborsTextRect.center = rect.center
screen.blit(neighbors, neighborsTextRect)
row.append(rect)
cells.append(row)
AI 移动按钮
aiButton = pygame.Rect(
(2 / 3) * width + BOARD_PADDING, (1 / 3) * height - 50,
(width / 3) - BOARD_PADDING * 2, 50
)
buttonText = mediumFont.render("AI 移动", True, BLACK)
buttonRect = buttonText.get_rect()
buttonRect.center = aiButton.center
pygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE, aiButton)
screen.blit(buttonText, buttonRect)
重置按钮
resetButton = pygame.Rect(
(2 / 3) * width + BOARD_PADDING, (1 / 3) * height + 20,
(width / 3) - BOARD_PADDING * 2, 50
)
buttonText = mediumFont.render("重置", True, BLACK)
buttonRect = buttonText.get_rect()
buttonRect.center = resetButton.center
pygame.draw.rect(screen, WHITE, resetButton)
screen.blit(buttonText, buttonRect)
显示文字
text = "失败" if lost else "获胜" if game.mines == flags else "" text = mediumFont.render(text, True, WHITE) textRect = text.get_rect() textRect.center = ((5 / 6) * width, (2 / 3) * height) screen.blit(text, textRect) move = None left, _, right = pygame.mouse.get_pressed()
检查右键单击以切换标记
if right == 1 and not lost:
mouse = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
for i in range(HEIGHT):
for j in range(WIDTH):
if cells[i][j].collidepoint(mouse) and (i, j) not in revealed:
if (i, j) in flags:
flags.remove((i, j))
else:
flags.add((i, j))
time.sleep(0.2)
elif left == 1:
mouse = pygame.mouse.get_pos()
如果单击 AI 按钮，则进行 AI 移动
if aiButton.collidepoint(mouse) and not lost:
move = ai.make_safe_move()
if move is None:
move = ai.make_random_move()
if move is None:
flags = ai.mines.copy()
print("No moves left to make.")
else:
print("No known safe moves, AI making random move.")
else:
print("AI making safe move.")
time.sleep(0.2)
重置游戏状态
elif resetButton.collidepoint(mouse):
game = Minesweeper(height=HEIGHT, width=WIDTH, mines=MINES)
ai = MinesweeperAI(height=HEIGHT, width=WIDTH)
revealed = set()
flags = set()
lost = False
continue
用户自定义动作
elif not lost:
for i in range(HEIGHT):
for j in range(WIDTH):
if (cells[i][j].collidepoint(mouse)
and (i, j) not in flags
and (i, j) not in revealed):
move = (i, j)
行动起来，更新AI知识
if move:
if game.is_mine(move):
lost = True
else:
nearby = game.nearby_mines(move)
revealed.add(move)
ai.add_knowledge(move, nearby)
pygame.display.flip()
以上就是本篇文章的全部内容
这里放了项目的完整源码：http://xiazai.jb51.net/202108/yuanma/haiyong_minesweeper_jb51.rar
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