iOS时间字符串格式化输出技巧详解
一.前言
最近项目开发过程中用到了大量的关于时间的处理,将后台返回的时间字符串转换为指定的格式时间再显示在UI上.
例如: 将后台返回的时间字符串2017-04-16 13:08:06转换为:2017年04月16日、2017年04月、04月16日、2017-04-16、2017-04、04-16、13:08、星期几等等.
项目是多人开发,由于前期没有统一处理时间转换的问题,后期发现项目中好多关于时间转换的代码,大部分都是通过(- : 等字符)截取成字符串数组再取相应时间拼接成指定格式,输出在UI显示的地方,代码非常的臃肿,并且这种方式非常不可取.
原因:后台返回的时间字符串 并不都是 2017-04-16 13:08:06这种格式,还有2017-04-16这种格式,截取前需要长度格式等校验,多了很多校验代码.非常不可取.
既然是时间,我们便要通过时间的思维来完成转换问题,不要通过截取字符串的方式
于是我便写了一个类,来统一处理转换问题.
二.效果
具体怎么操作:
三.将时间字符串->NSDate
首先我们要将2017-04-16 13:08:06或2017-04-16这种格式时间字符串转换为NSDate
我们新建一个NSDate的Category,笔者取名为NSDate+XHCategory,写一个时间字符串->NSDate方法,代码如下:
+(NSDate*)xh_dateWithFormat_yyyy_MM_dd_HH_mm_ss_string:(NSString *)string
{
NSDateFormatter* dateFormat = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
[dateFormat setDateFormat:@"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss"];
NSDate *date =[dateFormat dateFromString:string];
return date;
}
为了兼用其他格式时间字符串,我们把可能的情况都写上,如下
+(NSDate *)xh_dateWithFormat_yyyy_MM_dd_HH_mm_string:(NSString *)string
{
NSDateFormatter* dateFormat = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
[dateFormat setDateFormat:@"yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm"];
NSDate *date =[dateFormat dateFromString:string];
return date;
}
+(NSDate *)xh_dateWithFormat_yyyy_MM_dd_HH_string:(NSString *)string
{
NSDateFormatter* dateFormat = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
[dateFormat setDateFormat:@"yyyy-MM-dd HH"];
NSDate *date =[dateFormat dateFromString:string];
return date;
}
+(NSDate *)xh_dateWithFormat_yyyy_MM_dd_string:(NSString *)string
{
NSDateFormatter* dateFormat = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
[dateFormat setDateFormat:@"yyyy-MM-dd"];
NSDate *date =[dateFormat dateFromString:string];
return date;
}
+(NSDate *)xh_dateWithFormat_yyyy_MM_string:(NSString *)string
{
NSDateFormatter* dateFormat = [[NSDateFormatter alloc] init];
[dateFormat setDateFormat:@"yyyy-MM"];
NSDate *date =[dateFormat dateFromString:string];
return date;
}
再写一个统一转换时间字符串为 NSDate的方法,如下:
+(NSDate *)xh_dateWithDateString:(NSString *)dateString
{
NSDate *date = nil;
date = [self xh_dateWithFormat_yyyy_MM_dd_HH_mm_ss_string:dateString];
if(date) return date;
date = [self xh_dateWithFormat_yyyy_MM_dd_HH_mm_string:dateString];
if(date) return date;
date = [self xh_dateWithFormat_yyyy_MM_dd_HH_string:dateString];
if(date) return date;
date = [self xh_dateWithFormat_yyyy_MM_dd_string:dateString];
if(date) return date;
date = [self xh_dateWithFormat_yyyy_MM_string:dateString];
if(date) return date;
return nil;
}
四.将NSDate -> NSDateFormatter
为什么要再转换为NSDateFormatter,有些人可能已经明白了,我们点开NSDateFormatter可以看到NSDateFormatter有以下属性
@property (nullable, copy) NSCalendar *calendar NS_AVAILABLE(10_7, 4_0); @property (nullable, copy) NSTimeZone *timeZone NS_AVAILABLE(10_7, 4_0); @property NSInteger era; @property NSInteger year; @property NSInteger month; @property NSInteger day; @property NSInteger hour; @property NSInteger minute; @property NSInteger second; @property NSInteger nanosecond NS_AVAILABLE(10_7, 5_0); @property NSInteger weekday; @property NSInteger weekdayOrdinal; @property NSInteger quarter NS_AVAILABLE(10_6, 4_0); @property NSInteger weekOfMonth NS_AVAILABLE(10_7, 5_0); @property NSInteger weekOfYear NS_AVAILABLE(10_7, 5_0); @property NSInteger yearForWeekOfYear NS_AVAILABLE(10_7, 5_0); @property (getter=isLeapMonth) BOOL leapMonth NS_AVAILABLE(10_8, 6_0); @property (nullable, readonly, copy) NSDate *date NS_AVAILABLE(10_7, 4_0); @end
我们新建一个NSDateComponents 的Category,笔者取名NSDateComponents+XHCategory,并实现如下方法:
+(NSDateComponents *)xh_dateComponentsFromDate:(NSDate *)date
{
NSDateComponents *components = [[NSCalendar currentCalendar] components:NSCalendarUnitYear| NSCalendarUnitMonth | NSCalendarUnitDay | NSCalendarUnitWeekOfYear | NSCalendarUnitHour | NSCalendarUnitMinute | NSCalendarUnitSecond | NSCalendarUnitWeekday | NSCalendarUnitWeekdayOrdinal fromDate:date];
return components;
}
接着我们就可以进行转换操作了,我们新建一个NSString的Category,笔者取名NSString+XHDateFormat
在NSString+XHDateFormat.h文件中写上需要转换的类型如下:
/** * x年x月x日 */ @property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_formatNianYueRi; /** * x年x月 */ @property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_formatNianYue; /** * x月x日 */ @property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_formatYueRi; /** * x年 */ @property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_formatNian; /** * x时x分x秒 */ @property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_formatShiFenMiao; /** * x时x分 */ @property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_formatShiFen; /** * x分x秒 */ @property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_formatFenMiao; /** * yyyy-MM-dd */ @property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_format_yyyy_MM_dd; /** * yyyy-MM */ @property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_format_yyyy_MM; /** * MM-dd */ @property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_format_MM_dd; /** * yyyy */ @property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_format_yyyy; /** * HH:mm:ss */ @property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_format_HH_mm_ss; /** * HH:mm */ @property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_format_HH_mm; /** * mm:ss */ @property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_format_mm_ss; #pragma mark - 转换为星期几 @property(nonatomic,copy,readonly)NSString *xh_formatWeekDay;
在 NSString+XHDateFormat.m 实现如下:
-(NSString *)xh_formatNianYueRi
{
NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%ld年%02ld月%02ld日",date.year,date.month,date.day];
}
-(NSString *)xh_formatNianYue
{
NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%ld年%02ld月",date.year,date.month];
}
-(NSString *)xh_formatYueRi
{
NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%02ld月%02ld月",date.month,date.day];
}
-(NSString *)xh_formatNian
{
NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%ld年",date.year];
}
-(NSString *)xh_formatShiFenMiao
{
NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%ld时%02ld分%02ld秒",date.hour,date.minute,date.seconds];
}
-(NSString *)xh_formatShiFen
{
NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%ld时%02ld分",date.hour,date.minute];
}
-(NSString *)xh_formatFenMiao
{
NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%02ld分%02ld秒",date.minute,date.seconds];
}
-(NSString *)xh_format_yyyy_MM_dd
{
NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%ld-%02ld-%02ld",date.year,date.month,date.day];
}
-(NSString *)xh_format_yyyy_MM
{
NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%ld-%02ld",date.year,date.month];
}
-(NSString *)xh_format_MM_dd
{
NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%02ld-%02ld",date.month,date.day];
}
-(NSString *)xh_format_yyyy
{
NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%ld",date.year];
}
-(NSString *)xh_format_HH_mm_ss
{
NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%02ld:%02ld:%02ld",date.hour,date.minute,date.seconds];
}
-(NSString *)xh_format_HH_mm
{
NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%02ld:%02ld",date.hour,date.minute];
}
-(NSString *)xh_format_mm_ss
{
NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];
return [NSString stringWithFormat:@"%02ld:%02ld",date.minute,date.seconds];
}
-(NSString *)xh_formatWeekDay
{
NSString *weekStr=nil;
NSDate *date = [NSDate xh_dateWithDateString:self];
switch (date.weekday) {
case 2:
weekStr = @"星期一";
break;
case 3:
weekStr = @"星期二";
break;
case 4:
weekStr = @"星期三";
break;
case 5:
weekStr = @"星期四";
break;
case 6:
weekStr = @"星期五";
break;
case 7:
weekStr = @"星期六";
break;
case 1:
weekStr = @"星期天";
break;
default:
break;
}
return weekStr;
}
五.调用:
self.timeString = @"2017-04-16 13:08:06"; //星期 NSString *time0 = self.timeString.xh_formatWeekDay; //2017年04月16日 NSString *time1 = self.timeString.xh_formatNianYueRi; //2017年04月 NSString *time2 = self.timeString.xh_formatNianYue; //04月16日 NSString *time3 = self.timeString.xh_formatYueRi; //2017年 NSString *time4 = self.timeString.xh_formatNian; //13时08分01秒 NSString *time5 = self.timeString.xh_formatShiFenMiao; //13时08分 NSString *time6 = self.timeString.xh_formatShiFen; //08分01秒 NSString *time7 = self.timeString.xh_formatFenMiao; //2017-04-16 NSString *time8 = self.timeString.xh_format_yyyy_MM_dd; //2017-04 NSString *time9 = self.timeString.xh_format_yyyy_MM; //04-16 NSString *time10 = self.timeString.xh_format_MM_dd; //2017 NSString *time11 = self.timeString.xh_format_yyyy; //13:08:06 NSString *time12 = self.timeString.xh_format_HH_mm_ss; //13:08 NSString *time13 = self.timeString.xh_format_HH_mm; //08:06 NSString *time14 = self.timeString.xh_format_mm_ss;
github地址：https://github.com/CoderZhuXH/XHDate
完整项目下载地址：XHDate_jb51.rar
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